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Abstract: Architecture was initially defined as the functional art specialized in the concept of shelter. However, over time, deeper ideas emerged emphasizing the importance of producing creative and distinctive architecture that possesses beauty and humanity. Architecture became the material embodiment of a manifested message. With the advent of the digital revolution, a new thought and philosophy known as digital forms emerged, spreading widely across various fields, aligning with the requirements of the present era and its evolving trends. The research problem revolves around the insufficient awareness of different patterns in architecture and their relationship with architectural form. The paper aims to enhance this relationship by integrating digital architectural mechanisms into the design process, utilizing this connection to creatively produce architectural forms. The research assumes that establishing a relationship between pattern, form, and digital architectural mechanisms, harnessing them to generate architectural shapes in different ways, may contribute to creating innovative architecture. The research paper is grounded in the primary goal of identifying methods for deducing architectural form and its relationship with architectural references. This is achieved by presenting various patterns and mechanisms used in deducing form and their impact on creating distinctive architecture. The descriptive-analytical approach was employed, exploring different concepts and analytical examples to reach results and recommendations. One of the key recommendations is the necessity of revisiting the essence of architecture as a cognitive source containing a vast amount of principles adaptable to the era's variables. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of addressing the concept of pattern and its relationship with other architectural elements to enrich architectural thought and produce more distinguished architecture. The utilization of digital methods in producing architectural forms is highlighted as a means to achieve more distinctive shapes. الملخص كانت تعرف العمارة على أنها الفن الوظيفي الذى يختص بفكرة المأوى فقط ولكن بمرور الوقت ظهرت بعض الأفكار التي تعمق فكرة أهمية انتاج عمارة مبدعةومميزة بها قدر من الجمال والانسانية ؛فأصبحت العمارة هي تلك الرسالة المجسدة ماديا ؛ ومع ظهور الثورة الرقمية تم افراز فكر وفلسفة ما يعرف الان بالأشكال الرقمية والتي انتشرت بشكل واسع في شتى المجالات والتي تتجاوب مع مقتضيات هذا العصر بكل ما فيه من توجهات متجددة ؛ وتتلخص المشكلة البحثية في عدم الأدراك الكافي للأنماط المختلفة في العمارة وعلاقتها بالشكل المعماري واثراء هذه العلاقة من خلال دمج آليات العمارة الرقمية في العملية التصميمية والاستفادة من هذه العلاقة في انتاج الشكل المعماري بطريقة مبدعة ؛ وتفترض الورقة البحثية أنه بإيجاد علاقة ما بين النمط والشكل وأليات العمارة الرقمية وتسخيرها لتوليد واستنتاج الاشكال المعمارية بطرق مختلفة قد يساعد في خلق عمارة مبدعة ؛ لذلك تستند الورقة البحثية على هدف أساسي وهو تحديد طرق استنتاج الشكل المعماري وعلاقته بالمراجع المعمارية من خلال عرض الأنماط المختلفة والاليات المستخدمة في استنتاج الشكل وأثر ذلك في خلق عمارة مميزة ؛ وقد تم عرض الاهداف والوصول لحل المشكلة البحثية من خلال المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال المفاهيم المختلفة والأمثلة التحليلية وتم الوصول الى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات أهمها ضرورة الرجوع إلى جوهر العمارة بوصفها منبعاً فكریاً حاویاً على كم هائل من المبادئ القادرة على التكیف مع متغيرات العصر، وكذلك ضرورة التطرق الى فكرة النمط وعلاقتها بباقي العناصر المكونة للعمارة وذلك لإثراء الفكر المعماري وانتاج عمارة أكثر تميزا مستعينا في ذلك بالأساليب الرقمية في انتاج الأشكال المعمارية وذلك لإنتاج أشكال أكثر تميزا

As the global community strives to address the pressing challenges of environmental degradation and social inequality, the role of architecture in promoting sustainable development has gained unprecedented significance. This paper explores the intrinsic connection between architecture and sustainable development, focusing on Egypt as a case study. The research follows theoretical and practical application methodology, where case studies and solutions are applied. Egypt, with its rich historical heritage and rapidly urbanizing cities, presents a unique context to investigate how the built environment can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined by the United Nations. This study adopts a multidisciplinary approach, integrating architectural analysis, urban planning principles, environmental science, and social studies to examine the various ways in which architecture influences and interacts with sustainability goals. Case Studies include two locations in Egypt as future concepts to solve problems: Downtown Cairo and Nubia-Aswan, where ideas were introduced towards a better quality of life. The findings of this research underscore the importance of collaboration between various stakeholders, such as government bodies, non-governmental organizations, architects, and the public, to create a holistic approach to sustainable architectural design and urban planning towards resilient communities. The paper also emphasizes the need for education and awareness campaigns to foster a culture of sustainability within the architectural and construction sectors. Proposed projects were introduced in the International Union of Architects (UIA) World Congress of Architects in Copenhagen 2023 and published in UIA Guidebook 2030.

Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Engineering Systems (MEP) Play a Major Role in Enabling Hospitals to Perform their Functions, and in the Comfort, Safety, and Security of their Occupants. They Affect each other and Influence the Design and Execution of the Building’s Architectural and Structural Elements, including the Layout, Elevations, and Plans, in addition to Aspects Pertaining to Structural Systems or Shafts, and Interior Finishes. The Paper Problem is Apparent through the lack of knowledge Relating to the Requirements of different Engineering Service Systems, and the Unawareness of their Impact on each other or on the Architectural and Structural Elements of the Building. This limits Fully Benefiting from such Systems due to Conflicts between them and the Architectural and Structural Elements, in addition to Hindering Making Appropriate Design Decisions related to Operating them causing Deficient Coordination. This Paper Aims to Develop a Methodology for Achieving Integration between Types of Engineering Service Systems and the Architectural and Structural Elements of Hospital Buildings, Leading to Design Decisions that can Attain the Highest Benefit from such Systems and Ensure their Operational Safety according to their Types, Internal Components, Functional Requirements, and their Impact on the Design Decisions for all the Structural Elements of the Building. This is Performed based on a Theoretical and Analytical Study of the Types and Components of Engineering Service Systems (MEP) and Determining their Impact on the Structural Elements and Architectural Components of the Building. The Paper proposes a Methodology that Comprises 12 Stages to Achieve Integration between Engineering Systems and the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, according to the Types and Requirements of each System and its Impact on Design Decisions. A set of Tables are also Developed that Represents a Guideline and include Alternatives to the Different Types of Engineering Systems, their Requirements, and Highlight their Impact on the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, including the Layout, Plans, Elevations, and Interior Design Elements, in addition to their Relation to other Engineering Systems. The Results also Highlighted the Large Diversity of Types of Mechanical Systems, and the Significant Influence of Electrical Systems on all other Systems. الملخص تقوم الأنظمة الهندسية الميكانيكية والكهربائية والصحية Mechanical Electrical Plumbing (MEP) بدوراً كبيراً في تأدية المستشفيات لوظيفتها وراحة وسلامة وأمن شاغليها، وهي تؤثر علي بعضها البعض وتؤثر علي تصميم وتنفيذ العناصر الإنشائية والمعمارية للمبني شاملة الموقع العام والواجهات والمساقط الأفقية وكل ما يخص الأنظمة الإنشائية أو المناور والتشطيبات الداخلية، وتظهر الإشكالية في عدم الإلمام الكامل بمتطلبات نوعيات الأنظمة الهندسية الخدمية المختلفة وعدم التحديد الكامل لتأثيرها علي بعضها البعض أو علي العناصر الإنشائية والمعمارية للمبني بصورة تتسبب في عدم الإستفادة الكاملة من الأنظمة وحدوث بعض التعارضات بينها وبين العناصر الإنشائية والمعمارية وعدم إتخاذ القرارات التصميمية المناسبة للتعامل معها وعدم التنسيق بينها. ويهدف البحث إلى وضع منهجية محددة لتحقيق التكامل بين نوعيات الأنظمة الهندسية الخدمية وبين العناصر الإنشائية والمعمارية بمباني المستشفيات، وصولاً إلي تحديد القرارات التصميمية التي تحقق الإستفادة القصوي من الأنظمة وسلامة عملها وفقا لأنواعها ومكوناتها الداخلية ومتطلباتها الوظيفية وتأثيرها علي القرارات التصميمية لجميع العناصر الإنشائية للمبني. ويتم ذلك بالإعتماد على الدراسة النظرية والتحليلية لنوعيات ومكونات الأنظمة الهندسية الخدمية (MEP) وتحديد تأثيرها علي العناصر الإنشائية والمكونات المعمارية للمبني. وتوصل البحث إلي إقتراح منهجية تضم 12 مرحلة لتحقيق التكامل بين الأنظمة الهندسية داخليا وكذلك بينها وبين العناصر الإنشائية والمعمارية للمبني وفقا لأنواع ولمتطلبات كل نظام وتأثيره علي القرارات التصميمية، كما تم التوصل لمجموعة جداول تمثل دليلا إسترشاديا وتضم بدائل أنواع الأنظمة الهندسية المختلفة ومتطلباتها وتأثيرها علي كل العناصر الإنشائية والمعمارية للمبني شاملة الموقع العام والمساقط الأفقية والواجهات وعناصر التصميم الداخلي فضلا عن متطلباتها من الأنظمة الهندسية الأخري، وقد أظهرت النتائج التنوع الكبير لنوعيات الأنظمة الميكانيكية، والتأثير الكبير للأنظمة الكهربائية علي كافة الأنظمة الأخري.

AbstractThe use of explosives to target civilian buildings and other structures around the world is becoming a growing problem in modern societies. This paper focuses on RC beams exposed to free-air blast loads. The paper first presents a parametric study on the behavior of RC beams subjected to blast loads using finite element simulation and then proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict that behavior in a simple and easy manner. The ABAQUS program is used to simulate RC beams under blast loads. Experimental data was collected from the literature and used to validate the ABAQUS models. Deflection, reaction forces, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, and failure mode of RC beams are investigated. The considered design parameters in the parametric study are the characteristic compressive strength of concrete (fcu), the transverse reinforcement ratio (ρT%), the longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρL%), and the scaled distance (Z). In this paper, the proposed ANN model was trained and tested using datasets produced using ABAQUS. The input parameters of the ANN model are TNT weight, standoff distance (D), characteristic compressive strength of concrete, transverse reinforcement ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, width-to-thickness ratio (b/t), and length-to-thickness ratio (L/t). The predicted behavior using the ANN model showed the credibility of the model. The results indicated that L/t, b/t, and Z have significant effects on the behavior of RC beams under blast loads compared with fcu, ρT%, and ρL%, the cracks area increases with the decrease in Z, fcu, and b/t and decreases with L/t decrease.

Due to the increase in population and movement between cities, the number of flyovers has increased to facilitate the move between different areas in cities that led to high car traffic. As a result, carbon emissions and pollution have increased, affecting the air temperature and quality in urban areas. Therefore, this paper studies how to improve the environmental performance under the flyovers in cities. The research’s aim can be fulfilled through biophilic design that works on the vitality of urbanization and integration with nature, as it promotes green infrastructure. This paper deals with the study of flyovers, their characteristics, and the necessary criteria for obtaining effective areas below them, biophilic design for urbanization, and the principles and criteria for its use to improve environmental performance under the areas of flyovers, with an analysis of examples of effective handling of flyovers. The paper focuses on a case study at the areas under the flyovers in Alexandria Square in Tanta city and its analysis before and after the biophilic treatment using the environmental simulation program Envi-met. The proposed design can reduce the value of PMV by about 35% from its current state during the hours of solar presence to achieve thermal satisfaction.

Abstract: Socio-cultural sustainability represents one of the important pillars of sustainable development. As one of the fundamentals targeted by Saudi Vision 2030, it aims to achieve sustainable development that enhances the living standards of citizens and improves the quality of their lives. This necessitates the provision of Saudi housing that achieves socio-cultural sustainability, to ensure it reflects the culture of the Saudi society, its social characteristics, and fosters a sense of stability and belonging, while also strengthening community ties. Especially since the contemporary Saudi housing model, heavily influenced by the social and cultural backgrounds of the places from which it was imported, is an adopted model. Therefore, there is a need for socio-cultural sustainability criteria in Saudi housing, which should serve as a reference for all design, review, and evaluation work. However, establishing these standards requires initially identifying the fundamental factors from which the criteria will be derived, through a conceptual framework that includes all elements, components, references, and applications necessary for building the model. The study aims to identify the most important factors influencing the derivation of criteria for socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing. Hence, the paper is based on a methodology that combines the analysis of current literature and the study of elements of socio-cultural sustainability, and how they are applied in the Saudi context, particularly in the city of Riyadh. It reviewed all concepts of socio-cultural sustainability in housing, its principles, and objectives, deduced its general characteristics and attributes, and reviewed their compatibility with the characteristics of Saudi society. It also identified the pillars of socio-cultural sustainability in Saudi housing (both traditional and contemporary), to then integrate the findings to arrive at the fundamental factors for deriving standards of socio-cultural sustainability for use in planning and designing housing in the city of Riyadh. الملخص تمثل الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية إحدى الركائز المهمة للتنمية المستدامة، بصفتها من أساسيات مستهدفات رؤية المملكة العربية السعودية ٢٠٣٠ لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة، التي ترتقي بمستوى معيشة المواطن، وتحسين نوعية حياته. وهذا يستدعي العناية بتوفير إسكان سعودي يحقق الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية، لضمان أن يعكس ثقافة المجتمع السعودي، وخصائصه الاجتماعية، ويحقق الشعور بالاستقرار، ويعزز الشعور بالانتماء، ويعمل على تقوية الروابط، خصوصاً وأن نموذج الإسكان السعودي المعاصر، نموذجا مستورد تأثر تأثرًا كبيرًا بالخلفيات الاجتماعية الثقافية للأماكن التي نقل منها. لذا يتعين وجود معايير للاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان السعودي، تكون مرجعًا لجميع أعمال التصميم والمراجعة والتقييم. ولكن الوصول إلى معايير للاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية، يستدعي في البداية الحاجة إلى تحديد العوامل الاساسية لاستخلاص المعايير، من خلال إطار مفاهيمي يشمل جميع: العناصر، والمكونات، والمرجعيات، والتطبيقات اللازمة لبناء النموذج. تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد أهم العوامل المؤثرة في استخلاص معايير الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان السعودي. لذا استندت الورقة إلى منهجية، تجمع بين تحليل الأدبيات الحالية ودراسة عناصر الاستدامة الاجتماعية والثقافية، وكيفية تطبيقها في السياق السعودي من خلال التطبيق على مدينة الرياض، حيث استعرضت جميع مفاهيم الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان ومبادئها وأهدافها، واستخلصت سماتها وخصائصها العامة، وراجعت مدى توافقها مع خصائص المجتمع السعودي، بالإضافة إلى تحديد ركائز الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية في الإسكان السعودي (التقليدي والمعاصر)، ليتم بعد ذلك دمج النتائج للوصول إلى العوامل الاساسية لاستخلاص معايير الاستدامة الاجتماعية الثقافية لاستخدامها في تخطيط وتصميم الإسكان في مدينة الرياض.

In hydraulic active suspension systems, an often overlooked source of nonlinearity is the performance deviation of the working hydraulic oil through the wide band of operating temperatures. In this paper, a quarter-car, Simulink® Simscape nonlinear hydraulic active suspension model has been constructed, taking ISO VG 22 oil as the working oil[29]. A PID controller has been tuned for the active suspension system. Targeted response parameters were tire deflection and suspension travel, as measures of vehicle handling, and sprung-mass acceleration as a measure of riding comfort. At a typical moderate vehicle speed of 40 km/hr, system response was investigated for both a single sinusoidal bump and a continuous wavy sinusoidal road inputs. Simulation was performed at two distant, extreme, operating temperatures, namely -30°C and 60°C. Results showed that at higher temperatures, the decrease in oil viscosity of the hydraulic actuator results in higher tire-rebound amplitudes and longer settling times, and a higher sprung mass acceleration amplitude, worsening both tire-road holding and ride comfort compared to those at -30°C. The most significant conclusion is that an active suspension’s hydraulic actuator actually behaves as a nonlinear damper, besides being a force generator.

Recycling crushed clay bricks (CCB) in concrete is a sustainable and cost-effective process. Huge quantities of crushed clay bricks waste cause many serious environmental problems around the world. To deal with this problem, crushed bricks were recycled in the concrete industry as an alternative to natural resources, and the brick powder was reused as a partial replacement for cement. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of crushed clay bricks on the characteristics of concrete. 7 concrete mixtures containing coarse crushed brick aggregate (CCBA) and fine crushed brick aggregate (FCBA) were prepared as a complete substitute for sand and dolomite, respectively. Clay brick powder (CBP) and silica fume were used as a partial substitute for cement by 5%, 10%, and 15% of its weight. The water-to-cement ratio was 0.35. For comparison, a control mixture was prepared. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of concrete. The results showed that the workability of the different mixtures containing CCB decreased compared to that of the reference mixture. The compressive strength values of mixtures containing CCBA had a clear decrease compared to the reference mix at 7, 28, and 56 days of curing. The modulus of rupture results had the same path as compressive strength results. The thermal conductivity coefficient for mixtures including CCBA decreased compared to the control mix. Scanning Electron Microscope images indicated crystals of calcium silicate hydrate because of the pozzolanic interaction between the brick powder and the fine crushed clay bricks with calcium hydroxide.

Among the various challenges in underwater exploration, the identification and classification of objects, especially metallic items, hold significant importance in diverse contexts. This paper introduces a comprehensive algorithmic framework leveraging ROVs and computer vision to detect and classify metallic objects in aquatic environments. The Experimental Design section outlines the multi-step process employed for underwater object detection using ROVs. The algorithm undergoes image enhancement, YOLOv3-based object detection, and CNN-based object classification. The dataset used for training and testing comprises a diverse set of underwater scenes with varying illumination, object sizes, and background complexities. The Results and Analysis section presents the performance evaluation of the integrated algorithm. Standard metrics for object detection, including Intersection over Union (IoU), precision, recall, and F1 score, are utilized. The algorithm demonstrates high accuracy in detecting various metallic objects. The comparative analysis of precision, recall, and F1 score across different classes further validates the algorithm's effectiveness in identifying and classifying specific objects underwater.

The increasing global temperature has increased awareness of enhancing Outdoor Thermal Comfort (OTC). OTC has become a primary indicator for the effectiveness of urban environments, which directly affects inhabitants' health, comfort, and quality of life. Consequently, many thermal comfort indices were developed to quantify outdoor thermal comfort; among them was the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), which is one of the broadly used thermal indexes in evaluating OTC. As another axis of this awareness, several computer-aided design (CAD) software have worked on developing their techniques to increase the accuracy of their outdoor simulations and climate measurements. The paper concerns exploring the potential of the Ladybug as a tool for measuring UTCI through an algorithmic script designed with the Ladybug (ver. 1.6.0) in the Grasshopper interface within Rhinoceros 3D software. The script was applied to two urban neighbourhoods in different climate zones of Egypt, Cairo (an inland city and the capital of Egypt) and New Damietta (a coastal city on the Mediterranean Sea), to investigate its capabilities in simulating and measuring the UTCI of different climate zones in the extreme hot week of the year as an examination period. Results showed that the maximum UTCI value in the coastal neighbourhood decreased from 32.93°C to 31.64°C, while its minimum value decreased from 28.79°C to 27.28 °C compared to the inland neighbourhood. The maximum and minimum UTCI values, hourly data, and the percentages of UTCI heat stress categories for six test locations in each neighborhood were also calculated and compared.