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External and internal architecture is distinguished from all arts in that it deals with the basic three dimensions "length, width, and height" as well as the fourth dimension, which is time. In the art of photography, for example, man deals with two dimensions in addition to the dimension of time, but the person remains outside all these works, looking at and watching them. As for architecture, it represents a huge structural sculptural piece that a person approaches, enters, and walks in enjoying, examining it at all levels in a chronological sequence and within a certain schematic scale. The design thought shows the possibility of implementing paper folding designs with alternative industrial materials, such as: paper, cardboard, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, fabrics, and natural materials, such as: leather, copper, aluminum, plywood, which led to an expansion Scope of using paper folding technology to form larger, thicker and more intense models. The design process relied on this approach, which was represented in achieving the values of the creative thought of interior design derived from the folding technique, and how to deal with interior design vocabulary dynamically so that it was possible to solve interior design problems inspired by the art of folding through a global perspective consistent with the principles of contemporary thought. Spectral process means the physics of adaptation in the theory of chaos or disasters, while in architecture, the concept of folding expresses a technique of origami art, which is the process of bending one layer upon another layer, and while the folding process appears as if in its content a process of repetition of the form, it is theoretically considered a subjective process As it does not delete or add any elements that make up the shape, and it is considered a precise process that addresses one of the most quality characteristics of the shape, which is the transition from one dimension to another (the second dimension to the third dimension), and it is also a process that involves changes that expand the geometric qualities of the element while maintaining with its topology.

This paper focuses on the issue of the circular economy in the context of SDG-11 Sustainable Cities & Communities as one of the main goals of today's society. Introducing smart cities, considering the sustainability challenges that cities will face shortly and the recent technological developments that will enable them to become "smart". Under the general context of sustainable development, the circular economy is becoming an important part of providing resources to future generations, based on intra-generational and inter-generational solidarity. A smart city can be understood as a sustainable city, a city that performs well economically, administratively, environmentally, and housing-wise. This paper aims to identify some important measures that are recommended to advance this vision. It also aims to highlight the potential social and economic benefits and challenges of urban circular development; it also supplies initial evidence of the synergistic benefits created through combining the design and economic development and linking the two approaches together rather than applying them separately.

This paper deals with studying a rare dirham in the name of Ya’la b. Ahmed Al-Yafirny. As this dirham has never been studied before and its being studied for the first time through this paper. This dirham has not bearing date or mint, Ya’la bin Ahmed is one of the men of the Banu Ifran tribe, Banu Ifran an important tribe of Berber dynasty,which is one of the Zenata tribal complex that settled in Morocco and Algeria.That tribe appeared on the scene of events before Islam until the middle of the fifth century AH / eleventh century AD. It is one of the most powerful barbarian tribes that occupied a great position in the Morocco during the Middle Ages, and the tribe of Banu Ifran is attributed to Ifran b. Yaslatin b. Misra b. Zakia b. Warsik b. Al-Dirt b. Jana b. Zenata, and their homeland was initially in Ifriqiya and then spread to many other regions Like the area between Tlemcen and Tiaret, and a large part of them stayed in AL- Andalus. The study of this dirham is very importance, represented in foccus on that historical era of the history of Muslims in North Africa, as well as identifying the relationship of Prince Ya’la b. Ahmed al-Yafirny with the Fatimid Caliphate and the extent of his loyalty to them, and an analytical study of the content of the writings recorded on it, in order to identify some important historical aspects that can only be reached through coinage, to be a new addition to the Islamic coinage that was struck in North Africa, specifically in Morocco.

The present paper introduces the analysis and design of a near-field RFID tag for IoT in the sub-six GHz 5G frequency band, the proposed radio frequency identification technique is based on the near-field interaction between the RFID tag and a wideband antenna reader. This near-field interaction adjusts the resonances of the wideband antenna according to the used RFID tag. In addition, the far field RCS of the RFID tag is also investigated to study the relationship between the near field and the far field responses of the proposed RFID tag. The proposed RFID tag is characterized by adjustable six resonances based on concentric square rings printed on a dielectric slab. For manufacturing and experimental verification, the dielectric slab is assumed to be FR-4. However, the proposed structure can be generalized to other thin and flexible substrates like paper, plastic, and textile.

Architectural identity reflects the features of a country's people, society, and environment. Recently, Countries' unique architectural identities have been faded due to globalization, making it difficult to determine each country's regional and local identities. One of the significant architectural elements which characterize the Arab heritage urbanism is the courtyard residence. It is the most important element that characterizes the heart of all the Islamic-Arab houses. The building design usually begins from the courtyard it had been used by Arabs and Muslims in architecture for its compatibility within the environmental, cultural, and social requirements. In traditional residences, Courtyard was considered the focal point of the house, it had functioned as the essential ventilation and daylight for the adjacent built-up spaces. Despite there have been different studies of historical, social, cultural, and environmental aspects of courtyard architecture, but there was not much focusing on its spatial impact. In most traditional Cairene houses, the courtyard was used not only to obtain privacy, which in Arab society is a requirement but also to improve the thermal comfort inside a residence. This paper investigates the climatic and social benefits of the courtyard houses and studies the courtyard’s effect as a natural design technique and a microclimate adjustor in a hot arid climate. The paper is illustrating spatial locations, composition, and thermal performance of courtyards, in addition, it analyses the contemporary courtyards house application in the hot-arid regions. Two selected case studies were chosen to be discussed in accordance with the theoretical studies. Finally, the paper proposing a guideline in design process to improve a courtyard's thermal performance.

Islamic Architecture is characterized by its richness in many elements that were used in both architectural and decorative aspects such as the arches that were not innovations of Muslim architect, but were found in the buildings of the ancient civilizations and were inherited after that in Islamic architecture. The Muslim architect developed the arches in his buildings and presented them in new shapes. Among the various shapes of arches that appeared in Islamic architecture a formation that is composed of the overlapping of these arches with each other. What increased the importance of this formation is that the Muslim architect adapted it to have an architectural role beside their decorative aspects. The purpose of this paper is to study the usage of overlapping arches as a decorative and architectural element in Islamic architecture. The study looked into the origins of this element by investigating its earliest examples in ancient civilizations to determine how it emerged in Islamic architecture. Furthermore, the study traced back the initial attempts in Islamic architecture to use this element in both decorative and architectural roles, along with an assumption that its usage as architectural element is entrenched in Islamic architecture, as well as the arguments that support this assumption. Further to that, the research clarified the numerous shapes of overlapping arches used as decorative motifs in Islamic architecture and backed these shapes with examples to illustrate each of them. In addition, the paper also identified the cases where overlapping arches performed an architectural role in Islamic architecture. Finally, the paper clarified how the use of overlapping arches both as a decorative and architectural element moved to European architecture as an influence of Islamic architecture.

Take a search, Interior design elements and its impact on thermal modification, this paper introduces to us the concept of Re-Adapt as a tool of hope that may lead us to a sustainable future. And it reviews the importance of looking to nature to find a path for a sustainable future which is the main idea that bio mimicry inviting us to embrace. Also illustrates what is meant by bio mimicry and its different descriptions and definitions, and the difference between it and the other terms that share the same idea. By discussing the idea of using thermal simulation by using interior design elements. The problem of the research is to study the elements of interior design and their impact on thermal modification, and to elicit how to achieve compatibility and suitable with the environment. Hence this research paper. The research problem is limited to the following points: The designer's lack of interest in the environmental dimension and the importance of preserving energy and natural resources when creating housing designs. Not using clean, renewable natural energy. This results in environmental and health risks and problems due to the emission of harmful gases as a result of global warming, buildings become the enemy of the environment instead of being friendly to it. Ignoring the role of the designer in how to harmonize between interior design and environmental localization in residential spaces. Thermal mass perform the same function performed by the solar batteries in non-self-heating system (solar electricity system active solar system) both stores solar energy for re-use when needed. Thermal mass incorporated into domestic vacuum in several forms: 1-Internal floors covered with finishing material that the capability of storing solar energy (such as cement - brick - wood processing) flooring. 2- The Trombe walls or walls of a water pipeline, Thermal mass elements, which include floors and walls is one of the key elements in the solar house of self-absorption and heat storage materials.

Urban heritage areas are one of the most difficult to monitor, deal with, and preserve because they mix old and new. Most valuable heritage areas are located in a vibrant and urban environment, which creates interaction and mutual influence, as the surrounding urban environment affects and is affected by the heritage areas. This requires awareness of the inputs of the surrounding urban environment and its relationship to areas of value. The urban condition of the areas surrounding the monuments and areas of value reflects negatively and leads to the emergence of some negative impacts as a result of external influences resulting from the urban environment. Given the significance of architectural landmarks in the formation of local identities and the maintenance of collective memory, their protection is of paramount importance . This paper examines Amoud al-Sawari, a famous archaeological site in Alexandria, Egypt's second-largest city. This research paper aims to shed light on how to deal with heritage area inputs to maximize their role in increasing Egyptians' cultural awareness and presenting them appropriately. This is done by evaluating the possibilities and environmental elements affecting the studied heritage area, as well as its threats and risks.

Covid19 pandemic gives social distance great concerns in contemporary cities especially the one related to safe urban mobility. People were asked to choose travel modes that maintain safe social distance to minimize the chance of infection while traveling safely from place to another. Accordingly, urban mobility witnessed a paradigm shift from the first sustainable urban mobility paradigm that found efficiency in mass transportation and minimizing the need for extended private motorized mobility inside cities, to the new safe urban mobility paradigm that strive for reducing the face-to-face contact by encouraging single ride mobility. Accordingly, Planners are required to shift to the new paradigm of urban mobility, and scholars are required to question health safety of the new paradigm of urban mobility at the same time to question its sustainability. The research aims to compare adopted movement behaviour across different neighbourhood models including purpose of mobility, mode choices, trip distance, and trip frequency. The paper reports, based on empirical findings, to three conclusions. Firstly, covid19 caused different levels of coping movement behavioural change across different types of neighbourhoods. Secondly, the paper observed coping ideas of reducing unnecessary trips, displace mobility from public to private modes, distribution of trips to different times of the day, providing safe walkway for keeping social distance and encouraging walkability and cyclability. Finally, the paper deduced different design guidelines for urban form design that facilitate such coping urban mobility strategies and at the same time achieve sustainability including soft mixed use, soft density, and grid street patterns to facilitate coping of safe and sustainable urban mobility.

Graphic design plays the role of reflecting cultural, geographic, and social identities, which is characterized by sustainable progress. This serves the overarching purpose of the design; keeping pace with the intellectual and technological progress, which as a result necessitates adapting tourism awareness campaigns so that they encourage viewers to physically arrive at the showcased scenes thereby easing the spread of information and also easing the decision to go on a variety of tourist trips. This paper showcases the importance of photography and incorporating it into the design of tourism posters in specific, but also how the importance of promoting specific sites and artifacts at mobile exhibitions outside of Egypt helps identify tourist regions in Egypt to targeted audiences such that an overall awareness of the region's sites and its cultural, recreational, and medicinal activities are promoted. This exhibition represents the first phase of identifying the Siwa Oasis region as one of the most important oasis regions in Egypt for its unique nature and subcultures. Under the title of Exploring Egypt, this exhibition intends to rotate to different cities and to incorporate visual representations of other tourist attractions across Egypt, with its first stop having taken place at Algonquin College in Ottawa, Canada. This paper displays the exhibited works while presenting some of the feedback received alongside an analysis of this feedback to assess the impact of the works on raising awareness of the Siwa Oasis region and on encouraging attendees to visit the region and participate in activities. Key Words: digital photography, cultural tourism, tourism posters, visual representations, social identity, geographic identity, tourism awareness, sustainable progress.