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Leadership is considered one of the most effective guidance tools in the field of work, and it helps solve many work tasks and complexities. An organization that lacks sound leadership will not have a share of success. The current research aimed to shed light on most of the modern leadership styles in the twenty-first century, such as: smart leadership, digital leadership, creative leadership, positive leadership, transformational leadership, participatory leadership, ethical leadership, servant leadership, sustainable leadership, and enlightened leadership. This was with the aim of explaining these patterns to presidents, managers, and leaders to benefit from them when exercising leadership in the organizations in which they work, and so that they can be guided by these patterns when directing and motivating those working with them to perform the work or tasks required of them efficiently and effectively, and selecting the appropriate ones in light of the nature of the situation, the characteristics of the employees, and the available time and the available and possible of resources. This research was a humility attempt to expand the knowledge and awareness of these presidents, managers, and leaders with modern leadership styles instead of limiting their knowledge and awareness to familiar traditional leadership styles, such as: dictatorial leadership, bureaucratic leadership, anarchic leadership, and democratic leadership. The research also shed light on some negative or anti-leadership styles, such as: negative leadership and destructive leadership as styles that work against the correct and positive concept of leadership and its role in directing employees and the organization and achieving common goals. The current research was considered a type of theoretical library research that relies on a qualitative description of the research topic, as modern leadership styles were discussed through reviewing the scientific literature related to the science and profession of management and in other scientific disciplines, especially the sociology of organizations and psychology in the work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of King Khalid University Journal of Educational Sciences is the property of King Khalid University Journal of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research sheds more light on the academic scientific method that Dr. Nabila Abdel Moneim followed in her scientific career, as well as her views and proposals in the field of achieving historical and scientific texts, and her scientific and intellectual efforts that she made in authoring and verifying books and literature in various sciences and arts, within the framework of the Revival Project. The Arab Islamic heritage, and its active and influential role in the scientific and cultural arena at the level inside and outside Iraq, And that was through her participation in a large number of seminars and conferences, and how she harnessed all er capabilities and energies in the service of the scientific and intellectual process, studies and scientific research, which contributed to the graduation of a generation of professors, researchers, graduate students and science students, until I returned to the right of one of the most prominent historians and investigators in Iraq and even the worlds. Arab and Islamic during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Childhood Research & Studies Journal is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the training program based on the theory of successful intelligence to develop some of the twenty-first century skills of in-service Arabic language teachers. The study sample consisted of fourteen male and female teachers, and the study tools and the educational subjects were a list of the twenty-first century skills, the twenty-first century skills scale, an observation card for teachers' performance in the skills of twenty-first century and a training program based on the theory of successful intelligence, and the descriptive analytical method and the experimental method which based on the semi-experimental design were used, and the study reached the effectiveness of the training program in developing the twenty-first century skills; the scores of the study group teachers increased in the post-application of the twenty-first century skills scale, and the observation card for their scores in the pre-application of the scale and the card as a whole. The teachers' scores in the study group also increased in the post-application of the twenty-first century skills scale in each main skill of the skills which are (digital culture skill, learning and creativity skills and life and profession skills) more than their scores in the pre-application of the scale, and the study recommended the need to include the twenty-first century skills in training program for Arabic language teachers, and to build these programs in the light of modern theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of AL-Sunbula Center for Research and Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Thi Qar Arts Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Khalid Fateh Mohammad is one of the most famous novelists of the 21st century. His work is an interesting school of diverse themes, however, mainly about recurring mundane issues that concern common people. Khalid Fateh Muhammad's relatively recent novel زينم is varied in its subject matter. He unpicks social evils and brings forth what follows at their heels, underlining their ramifications for our societal fabric. In this article, we have primarily analyzed the contribution of Khalid's novel زينم in creating a particular kind of social consciousness in our society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychological Studies (EPS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

current research aims to know level of teaching practices of mathematics teachers according to skills of the twenty-first century. Researcher followed descriptive approach to achieve the goal of the research, and the community consisted of mathematics teachers and female teachers in middle schools who numbered (156) teachers and schools, including (30) teachers and schools of the basic research sample randomly selected, the research tool represented by the observation card for the skills of the twenty-first century, which consisted of ( 30) items divided into three domains (learning and creativity skills, digital culture skills, life and profession skills), the validity and reliability of the tool were confirmed to be applied to the research sample after analyzing the statistical data based on (SPSS), and the results showed: 1- level of teaching practices of mathematics teachers and female teachers according to the skills of the twenty-first century was weak 2- There are differences in the level of teaching practices of mathematics teachers and female teachers according to the skills of the twenty-first century due to the variable (gender) in favor of males. 3- There are no differences in the level of teaching practices of mathematics teachers according to the skills of the twenty-first century due to the variable (experience). In light of the results, a set of recommendations and suggestions were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Education / Al Mejlh Altrbwyh is the property of Kuwait University, Academic Publication Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to identify the twenty-first century skills necessary for geography teachers in the secondary stage in the Republic of Yemen from their point of view, and used the descriptive approach of the type of social survey. 202) A male and female geography teacher at the secondary level, and the results of the study concluded that the degree of importance of the skills of the twenty-first century ranged between a very large degree and a medium degree, and that the main areas were to a very large degree, and the field of education and creativity was the most important, followed by the field of digital culture Then the field of life and professional skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

للا the twenty-first century, the Arab and Westen media have adopted translation as a free service added to the main services which they provide in order to pass their political agendas. This research aims to explain how to criticize translations of audio-medial texts. The results indicated the necessity of activating the role of translation criticism directed at the field of media in order to confront the civilizational and cultural media globalization that threatens the Arabic language and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Research Aimed to Determine the Educational Design of the Electronic Participatory Learning Environment to Develop the Creative Teaching Skills of the Research Group. Postgraduate Studies Department of Art Education, Faculty of Specific Education, South Valley University), The Quasi-Experimental Approach, the One-Group Experimental Design and the Tribal and Remote Application Were Used, and the Tools Included a Note Card for Creative Teaching Skills, and a Self-Efficacy Scale. Creative Teaching Skills in Favor of the Post Application, and there are Significant Differences for the Self-Efficacy Scale in the Two Applications "Pre-post" in Favor of the Post Application, Which Indicates the Effectiveness of Teaching on the YouTube Website and the Facebook Application in Developing Self-Efficacy in (the research group), and the Researcher Returns this Result to the Possibility of Using them Easily and They Are Freely Available to All, Producing and Storing Learners of Recorded Videos for Later Reference, and the Learners’ Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills of Creative Teaching in a Manner Interesting in Employing the Capabilities of (Facebook) and in Raising the Knowledge Content by the Researcher, and Providing Strong Support to Learners by Enhancing their Practices and Activities through their Colleagues or the Researcher by Commenting and Discussing the Video Links in the Research Group (Facebook) and Uploaded on YouTube, which Helped to Exchange Knowledge and Share their Experiences with Each Other, Solve some Teaching Problems, and Improve their Professional Performance and Self-Efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Municipalities administrations are facing increasing challenges as a result of the succession of changes and developments that the twentieth century witnessed, especially in the last period of it. It is expected that these changes and developments will extend to bring more of them in the twenty-first century for municipal administrations in a way that helps to achieve effectiveness and efficiency. This requires developing a specific strategy and striving to implement it in light of the various surrounding changes. It is the implementation of the strategic planning process (Al-Sakarneh 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to identify the twenty-first century skills necessary for geography teachers in the secondary stage in the Republic of Yemen from their point of view, and used the descriptive approach of the type of social survey. 202) A male and female geography teacher at the secondary level, and the results of the study concluded that the degree of importance of the skills of the twenty-first century ranged between a very large degree and a medium degree, and that the main areas were to a very large degree, and the field of education and creativity was the most important, followed by the field of digital culture Then the field of life and professional skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to examine the role of colleges of education in Yemeni universities in developing the twenty-first century skills among students. The skills include critical thinking and problem-solving; creative thinking; effective communication and cooperation with others; flexibility; adaptation and change management; self and continuous learning; leadership and working with a team; taking responsibility and making decisions; using technology efficiently; understanding and interacting with diverse cultures; and work and self-management. The followed the descriptive and analytical method, using a questionnaire that was distributed to a random sample of (408) students selected from the fourth level of the Faculties of Education in four public universities: Sana'a, Hajjah, Amran, and Hodeidah. The study results revealed a medium role that the colleges of education in Yemeni universities play in developing the twenty-first century skills among their students. The skill of effective communication and cooperation with others received the highest attention, while the skills of work, self-management and the skills of using technology efficiently received the lowest level of attention. The study concluded with a number of conclusions, including absence of a vision for the challenges and requirements of the twenty-first century and lack of support provided to colleges to purchase facilities and equipment. The study recommended that the colleges of education should pay more attention to developing the twenty-first century skills, especially work and self-management skills and the efficient use of technology.

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Sciences (22259732) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics is the property of Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, AUC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this working paper was to identify the concept of the digital age and technical and industrial secondary education and the twenty-first century skills of technical secondary education students in Egypt in the digital age, and recommendations and proposals to activate the development of the twenty-first century skills of technical secondary education students in Egypt in the digital age. The Cores topics of the working paper were as follows: The first Core: the concept of the digital age and industrial technical secondary education in Egypt The second Core: twenty-first century skills for technical secondary education students in Egypt in the digital age The third Core: recommendations and proposals to activate the development and skills of the twenty-first century for students of technical secondary education in Egypt in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to identify the effect of free reading in the development of In-depth reading skills and some skills of the twenty-first century teachers' students. The study sample was determined through the application of questionnaire on free reading on a group of (500) students of the first year at the Faculty of Education - University of Sadat City, Egypt. Two groups of students representing the research sample were selected as experimental group of (50) students who love free reading and practice in their lives periodically and regularly, and a control group of (50) students who do not like free reading and do not practice. A test of reading In-depth reading skills, scale twenty-first century skills. The results revealed that, there are significant differences (p≥0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in the post application of the 21st century skills scale, also increase the impact of free reading in the development of In-depth reading skills and 21st century skills of teacher students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Historical & Cultural Studies an Academic Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to uncover the effectiveness of a history-based program based on educational transformations in the management of knowledge economies, to develop the skills of the twenty-first century among students of the basic education stage, and to measure its impact in developing the tendency of students of the basic education stage towards the subject of history. The research group consisted of (50 ) A student of Othman bin Affan School and a test was prepared to measure the extent to which the pupils were able to study the skills of the twenty-first century and a measure to measure the effect of the program on their tendency towards the subject of history. Then the tools were applied in a dimensional way, and the research reached: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance 01.0 between the average grades of basic education stage pupils, in the test in the pre and post measurements, for the research group to measure the extent of their mastery of the skills of the twenty-first century, as well as the existence of a statistically significant difference at a level of significance between the average scores of students in the education stage The primary, in the scale in the pre and post measurements, for the research group to measure the effectiveness of using educational transformations in managing knowledge economies in developing the tendency of students of the basic education stageTowards history as a whole in favor of telemetry, which indicates the effectiveness of the program by using educational transformations in managing knowledge economies in developing the twenty-first century skills and its positive impact on their attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Human Sciences (19922876) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current research aims to evaluate the teaching practices of mathematics teachers in middle school in light of the skills of the twenty first century. To achieve this, the current study will use the descriptive approach to study the study variables, and challenge a list of teaching practices in light of the twenty-first century skills that are appropriate for mathematics teachers at the intermediate level. A questionnaire will also be prepared in the areas of: teaching planning in light of the twenty-first century skills, managing classroom learning practices, implementing teaching in the light of twenty-first century skills, evaluating the performance of students and teachers in light of twenty-first century skills, and obstacles to developing teaching practices in light of twenty-first century skills. Twenty. The sample of the study consist of teachers and supervisors of mathematics at the intermediate level, and statistical methods will be used that are appropriate to the nature of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to explore the inclusion level of the 21st century skills in the textbooks at intermediate stage in Saudi Arabia. The descriptive method has been adopted by using content analysis tool which was composed according to the partnership for 21st century learning framework and consisted of (7) skills and (62) sub-skills and applied to (10) stratified random samples drawn from (60) textbooks in ten curriculums. The findings revealed that the percentage of the 21st century skills included in all textbooks was (50%) with "average" level. The most included skill was Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving with (50%), followed by Communication, Information, & Media with (28%), Career & Self-Reliance Learning with (7%), Cooperation, Team Work, & Leadership with (6%), Computing & I.T with (5%), Creativity and Innovation with (4%), and Cross-Cultural Understanding with (1%). The findings also showed significant statistical differences at (α≤ 0.05) that attributed to textbook specialty variable among textbooks about the creativity and innovation skill in favor of Science textbook, and about critical thinking and problem-solving skill in favor of Math textbook, and about career & self-reliance learning skill in favor of Science textbook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Qadisiya In Arts & Educational Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the current research is recognizing the effect of an electronic learning environment based on knowledge economy competencies on developing the twenty- first century skills of science student teachers in special education department (mental retardation). The research was applied on a sample of forty students. A set of research instruments and materials was designed to prepare the electronic learning environment. This set included a questionnaire to determine the experiences and the reality of educational sources and resources, the flow map and the scenario of electronic learning environment, a questionnaire of matching the environment to the design criteria, student guide, teacher`s guide, the electronic learning environment, and using of the steps of the educational design in terms of: analysis, design, production, utilization, and evaluation to prepare the electronic learning environment. The research instruments were prepared to include the cognitive aspect test, practical performance observation checklist, self- efficiency measures, and measures of the trend towards electronic environment. The experimental one- group approach was followed which includes the pre-administration of the research instruments, the treatment, and the post-administration of the research instruments on the research sample. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group students on the pre- and post-administrations of research instruments in favor of the post- administration. In other words, the electronic learning environment had a great effect on developing twenty- first century skills of the research sample of science student teachers in special education department at the faculty of education. A number of recomendations was re-commended. The most important recomendations are the necessity of linking between knowledge economy competencies and twenty first century skills as the competencies become important to prepare student teachers of special education department and its majors and the necessity of developing teacher preparation programs of special education department in the light of knowledge economy competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allah has made the laws of life development and progress, so they are in constant and continuous change . this includes all lifestyles . Among the changes that occurred is money as it was a creating money ( silver or gold ) and then, paper money has came in the early twentieth century . In the beginning of the twenty first century encrypted digital money appeared to us, such as bitcoin and others . this was the most important changing stages that money has been through since the dawn of Islam . so what are its effects and provisions ? did the change in its structure lead to a change in its provisions ? did these provisions kept in pace with life changes ? do they need more development and more flexible or not? This is what those researchers are trying to shed the light on in this research of economic jurisprudence, And this is how the research is going according to the following plan Introduction : includes the definition of money, its importance and its job First topic : the development of money through the time : talking about the pre-criticism stage to the current era of criticism Second topic : the criticism development in Islam and its provisions Third topic Jurisprudential view ofdigital money (encrypted - virtual) Conclusion : there will be mentioned the most important recommendations reached by the two researchers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"This article, The Poem-Smith Creative Brain of 21st century: A study in the context of Post-Modernism and Relativisim, deals with the certain linings of the creative mind alive to the different sociopolitical, socio-cyberic and post-post modernist elements of the age. This article makes an effort to study contemporary *Urdu Nazm* as a product of the mind being affected of the trends ready to be outdated the day it is born. The great philosophical-cum-literary movement of Post Modernism has left us with the earthquake that marks no epicentre. Since, we are facing jolts and jerks of the creative ideas without pointing out the central force that throws it out as an art. Post-Modernism has ended up with the Relativism, an aftermath of the move. This article aims at opening a vantage point to read the contemporary poem under the study of Relativism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Quality Assurance in Higher Education is the property of University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)