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Large quantities of contaminated carwash wastewater are produced per day from carwash places. Extensively it contains large quantities of chemicals from detergents, oil, grease, heavy metals, suspended solids, types of hydrocarbons, and biological contents. A novel electrocoagulation treatment by foil electrodes was conducted to remove COD, turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from contaminated carwash wastewater and decrease its Electrical Conductivity (EC). A thin layer of aluminum foil is used as an electrode in this treatment process. The effects of different voltage and treatment times were studied. The best result was found at a voltage of 30 volts and treatment time 90 minute where the removal efficiency of COD, turbidity, TDS, and EC were 97.94%, 99.90%, 25.31%, 15.57% respectively.

This paper deals with defining Burr-XII, and how to obtain its p.d.f., and CDF, since this distribution is one of failure distribution which is compound distribution from two failure models which are Gamma model and weibull model. Some equipment may have many important parts and the probability distributions representing which may be of different types, so found that Burr by its different compound formulas is the best model to be studied, and estimated its parameter to compute the mean time to failure rate. Here Burr-XII rather than other models is consider because it is used to model a wide variety of phenomena including crop prices, household income, option market price distributions, risk and travel time. It has two shape-parameters (α, r) and one scale parameter (λ) which is considered known. So, this paper defines the p.d.f. and CDF and derives its Moments formula about origin, and also derive the Moments estimators of two shapes parameters (α, r) in addition to maximum likelihood estimators as well as percentile estimators, the scale parameter (λ) is not estimated (as it is considered known). The comparison between three methods is done through simulation procedure taking different sample size (n=30, 60, 90) and different sets of initial values for (α, r, λ).It is observed that the moment estimators are the best estimator with percentage (46%) ,(42%) respectively compared with other estimators.

In this paper, we have investigated some of the most recent energy efficient routing protocols for wireless body area networks. This technology has seen advancements in recent times where wireless sensors are injected in the human body to sense and measure body parameters like temperature, heartbeat and glucose level. These tiny wireless sensors gather body data information and send it over a wireless network to the base station. The data measurements are examined by the doctor or physician and the suitable cure is suggested. The whole communication is done through routing protocols in a network environment. Routing protocol consumes energy while helping non-stop communication in a wireless environment. Because of the very tiny size, energy consumption matters a lot. We have focused on the protocols, which provide energy efficiency and improve network lifetime, through put and minimal path loss. We will be discussing some of the most recent energy efficient routing protocols in this paper; later their comparison with an appropriate table is presented. In addition, recent challenges, possible application and perspectives are discussed.

The security of video applications in mobile devices has become recently an important field research. Dealing with video data, which is large compared to text and image and processing it in the mobile platform is a big challenge. Generally, the efficiency of any video encryption algorithm is concerned with two criteria, the computational time required to process video data, and the memory usage according to the resources on the smartphone. The secured system in 3G devices has become a matter of importance. This paper presents an implementation of full video encryption using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) on a mobile device. The operations on ECC include doubling and addition on the finite field as the backbone for an elliptic curve. Also, mapping representation is introduced to convert every byte of plain video into a point on EC. The paper proposed multi-keys instead of using one key as usual. Also, Chaotic Key Generator (CKG) is exploited for the randomness of the multi-keys. The proposed work focuses on increasing the security with multi-keys and to get acceptable time for encryption and decryption in a limited environment like mobile. The system is implemented using Android Studio with version (3.0) and using java language, it is implemented on Android version 7.0 (Nougat) and on mobile Galaxy S8.

This paper is concerned with introducing an explicit expression for orthogonal Boubaker polynomial functions with some important properties. Taking advantage of the interesting properties of Boubaker polynomials, the definition of Boubaker wavelets on interval [0,1) is achieved. These basic functions are orthonormal and have compact support. Wavelets have many advantages and applications in the theoretical and applied fields, and they are applied with the orthogonal polynomials to propose a new method for treating several problems in sciences, and engineering that is wavelet method, which is computationally more attractive in the various fields. A novel property of Boubaker wavelet function derivative in terms of Boubaker wavelet themselves is also obtained. This Boubaker wavelet is utilized along with a collocation method to obtain an approximate numerical solution of singular linear type of Lane-Emden equations. Lane-Emden equations describe several important phenomena in mathematical science and astrophysics such as thermal explosions and stellar structure. It is one of the cases of singular initial value problem in the form of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The suggested method converts Lane-Emden equation into a system of linear differential equations, which can be performed easily on computer. Consequently, the numerical solution concurs with the exact solution even with a small number of Boubaker wavelets used in estimation. An estimation of error bound for the present method is also proved in this work. Three examples of Lane-Emden type equations are included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The exact known solutions against the obtained approximate results are illustrated in figures for comparison

In this paper, double Sumudu and double Elzaki transforms methods are used to compute the numerical solutions for some types of fractional order partial differential equations with constant coefficients and explaining the efficiently of the method by illustrating some numerical examples that are computed by using Mathcad 15.and graphic in Matlab R2015a.

Throughout this paper, three concepts are introduced namely stable semisimple modules, stable t-semisimple modules and strongly stable t-semisimple. Many features co-related with these concepts are presented. Also many connections between these concepts are given. Moreover several relationships between these classes of modules and other co-related classes and other related concepts are introduced.

In this paper, the process for finding an approximate solution of nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) Volterra type integral operator equation (N3D-VIOE) in R3 is introduced. The modelling of the majorant function (MF) with the modified Newton method (MNM) is employed to convert N3D-VIOE to the linear 3D Volterra type integral operator equation (L3D-VIOE). The method of trapezoidal rule (TR) and collocation points are utilized to determine the approximate solution of L3D-VIOE by dealing with the linear form of the algebraic system. The existence of the approximate solution and its uniqueness are proved, and illustrative examples are provided to show the accuracy and efficiency of the model. Mathematical Subject Classification (2010): 45P05, 45G10, 47H99

This paper is concerned with the blow-up solutions of a system of two reaction-diffusion equations coupled in both equations and boundary conditions. In order to understand how the reaction terms and the boundary terms affect the blow-up properties, the lower and upper blow-up rate estimates are derived. Moreover, the blow-up set under some restricted assumptions is studied.

MDS code is a linear code that achieves equality in the Singleton bound, and projective MDS (PG-MDS) is MDS code with independents property of any two columns of its generator matrix. In this paper, elementary methods for modifying a PG-MDS code of dimensions 2, 3, as extending and lengthening, in order to find new incomplete PG-MDS codes have been used over . Also, two complete PG-MDS codes over of length and 28 have been found.

This paper briefly investigates the impact of the participation of Egypt in the IMF loan program in November 2016 on Egyptian macroeconomic performance and social protection. It uses the “before-after” approach to measure the changes in the macroeconomic variables. All the variables are measured by using descriptive analyses. It was found that the effects of the IMF program were positive and the macroeconomic performance along with social protection programs have significantly improved.

This paper introduces the Multistep Modified Reduced Differential Transform Method (MMRDTM). It is applied to approximate the solution for Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations (NLSEs) of power law nonlinearity. The proposed method has some advantages. An analytical approximation can be generated in a fast converging series by applying the proposed approach. On top of that, the number of computed terms is also significantly reduced. Compared to the RDTM, the nonlinear term in this method is replaced by related Adomian polynomials prior to the implementation of a multistep approach. As a consequence, only a smaller number of NLSE computed terms are required in the attained approximation. Moreover, the approximation also converges rapidly over a wide time frame. Two examples are provided for showing the ability and advantages of the proposed method to approximate the solution of the power law nonlinearity of NLSEs. For pictorial representation, graphical inputs are included to represent the solution and show the precision as well as the validity of the MMRDTM.

This paper generalizes and improves the results of Margenstren, by proving that the number of -practical numbers which is defined by has a lower bound in terms of . This bound is more sharper than Mangenstern bound when Further general results are given for the existence of -practical numbers, by proving that the interval contains a -practical for all

In this paper, new method have been investigated using evolving algorithms (EA's) to cryptanalysis one of the nonlinear stream cipher cryptosystems which depends on the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) unit by using cipher text-only attack. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) which are used for attacking one of the nonlinear cryptosystems called "shrinking generator" using different lengths of cipher text and different lengths of combined LFSRs. GA and ACO proved their good performance in finding the initial values of the combined LFSRs. This work can be considered as a warning for a stream cipher designer to avoid the weak points, which may be found in the stream cipher, and may be explored by the cryptanalysts. This work can find the optimal solution for text with minimum lengths of 20 characters and 100 iteration were very enough to find the real initial values of key stream.

In this paper, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPS) have been prepared and characterized and its concentration effect has been studied on polymers surface (MgO NPS). The results showed that the degradation of poly methyl methacrylate increased when using such metal oxide. The results also showed that the metal oxide increased the degradation of poly methyl methacrylate. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy were used to study the morphological characteristics and size of nano MgO particles analysis. Films were prepared by mixing the different masses of MgO NPS (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4) % with a polymer solution ratio (W/V) 7 %. Photo- degradation rate was monitored irradiation’s time by measuring the incident frequency of the index value of the hydroxyl coefficient of growth (IOH) at fixed film thickness and constant concentration. Spectrophotometry (IR, and UV. Visible) techniques were used to determine the change in the intensity of the spectrum bundles.

In this paper new methods were presented based on technique of differences which is the difference- based modified jackknifed generalized ridge regression estimator(DMJGR) and difference-based generalized jackknifed ridge regression estimator(DGJR), in estimating the parameters of linear part of the partially linear model. As for the nonlinear part represented by the nonparametric function, it was estimated using Nadaraya Watson smoother. The partially linear model was compared using these proposed methods with other estimators based on differencing technique through the MSE comparison criterion in simulation study.

In this paper, we have extracted Silica from rice husk ash (RHA) by sodium hydroxide to produce sodium silicate. 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CPTES) functionalized with sodium silicate via a sol-gel method in one pot synthesis to prepare RHACCl. Chloro group in compound RHACCl replacement in iodo group to prepere RHACI. The FT-IR clearly showed absorption band of C-I at 580 cm-1. Functionalized silica RHACI has high surface area (410 m2/g) and average pore diameter (3.8 nm) within mesoporous range. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that functionalized silica RHACI has amorphous phase .Thermogravemitric analysis (TGA) showed two decomposition stages and SEM morphology of RHACI showed that the particles have irregular shape. Atomic force microscope (AFM) technique was proved that the RHACI has a nanostructure The XPS spectra of I 3d for all the studied surfaces are presented in the peak located at 618.5 eV binding energy was associated with C–I bond.

In this paper, we are concerned with the conjugate gradient method for solving unconstrained optimization problems due to its simplicity and don’t store any matrices. We proposed two spectral modifications to the conjugate descent (CD). These two proposed methods produces sufficient descent directions for the objective function at every iteration with strong Wolfe line searches and with inexact line search, and also they are globally convergent for general non-convex functions can be guaranteed. Numerical results show the efficiency of these two proposed methods.

The most common regular polygon in Islamic art design is the octagon. Historical evidence of the use of an 8-star polygon and an 8-fold rosette dates back to Jemdet Nasr (3100-2900 B.C.) in Mesopotamia. Additionally, in ancient Egypt, octagons can be found in mathematical problem (Ahmose papyrus, Problem number 48), household goods (papyrus storage), architecture (granite columns) and decorations (palace decorations). The regular octagon which is a fundamentally important element of Islamic art design, is widely used as arithmetic objects in metric algebra along with other regular polygons in Mesopotamia. The 8-point star polygon has long been a symbol of the ancient Sumerian goddess Inanna and her East Semitic counterpart Ishtar. During the Neo-Assyrian period, the 8-fold rosette occasionally replaced the star as the symbol of Ishtar. In this paper, we discuss how octagonal design prevailed in the Islamic region since the late ninth century, and has existed in Mesopotamia from Jemdet Nasr to the end of third century B.C. We describe reasons why the geometric pattern of regular polygons, including regular octagons, developed in the Islamic world. Furthermore, we also discuss mathematical meanings of regular polygons.

Formalism is an approach and critical theory in which, form and structure are its essential elements of aesthetic considerations. Coleridge believes that form is a function of considered thoughts in poetry. From his point of view, form is achieved from inside the poem and by its' subject necessity. Nima abstains to directly explain his thoughts and emotions in "Khabe Zemestani" poem and symbolically proceeds to state his status and social events. The purpose of this article is the formalistic analysis of "Khabe Zemestani" poem from Nima Yushige. The issue of this paper is to explain the meaning and content of the poem "Khabe Zemestani" in the form and structure way, which has been done in library and content analysis method. The result of this analysis indicates that the most important motif in this poem is based on contrasts between "life and death", "sleep and wakefulness" and "neglect and soberness". Therefore, the main act of poem is based on divergence. In fact, contradictions, paradoxes and symbols in the poetry of Nima, have portrayed the main characters' condition and the social palpitation of his era with the help of nature elements.

This paper investigated analysis of supplementary reading material development using a genre-based approach which is in line with the school curriculum. It employed the procedures: need analysis, supplementary materials development, expert validation, material revision, material testing, and subsequent material revision. The data were collected by using questionnaires, interview, syllabus analysis, and field note. The analysis shows that the supplementary reading materials entitled Reading for Islamic Learners were completely developed. The supplementary reading materials were developed on student’s need and school recommendation, in line with standard competence and basic competence from syllabus. They contain interesting reading passages featuring Islamic messages, delivered through colorful pictures. In addition they have various reading strategies and accompanied by evaluation tools covering: multiple choice and essay.

Net pay is one of the most important parameters used in determining initial oil in place of a reservoir. It can be delineated through the using of limiting values of the petrophysical properties of the reservoir. Those limiting values are named as the cutoff. This paper provides an insight into the application of regression line method in estimating porosity, clay volume and water saturation cutoff values in Mishrif reservoir/ Missan oil fields. The study included 29 wells distributed in seven oilfields of Halfaya, Buzurgan, Dujaila, Noor, Fauqi, Amara and Kumait. This study is carried out by applying two types of linear regressions: Least square and Reduce Major Axis Regression. The Mishrif formation was divided into three main units. They are MA, MB, and MC. The methods were applied to each unit of Mishrif formation individually and as one unit. The division of Mishrif formation into subunits led to a great improvement in the accuracy of the porosity-permeability correlations. The Results indicated that the regression lines method of defining cutoffs gives unrealistic values with the common assumption of permeability cutoff = 0.1 md. Another assumption for permeability cutoff = 1 is made and it was chosen due to lithology and hydrocarbon type which are limestone and oil respectively. This assumption led to more realistic and higher porosity cutoff and smaller water saturation and clay volume cutoff values using the two types of regression lines.

This paper tries to discuss the relationship between the EFL teachers’ beliefs and their teaching practice. It is interesting to note that practically being exposed to the same materials, curriculum, students and environment, teachers conduct their teaching in varied ways. It can be seen from how students receive and build their image about their teachers. It also reflects the effectiveness of the practice they do. Therefore, it will be very useful to understand whether their teaching practice, including class and curriculum management, is influenced by their beliefs or not. This article embraces the theoretical review and previous studies conducted in this field. This will lead to how teachers should understand about themselves and their profession, consecutively they will be able to develop their competence through activities that can enhance their positive beliefs which will enlighten their teaching practice and maintain effective teaching practice in their classroom.

This paper investigated the Trends in Science Teaching Practices in-classroom science related activities among general education science teachers in Saudi Arabia from their supervisors’ perspectives. In addition, the supervisor's point of view about the importance of scientific related instructional activities was assessed. The data were collected through a validated questionnaire (19 items), which was administered to a random sample of 60 science supervisors (32 males, 28 females) from various parts of the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia. The results revealed that supervisors judged classroom activities of science teachers as teacher-centered rather than student-centered. As for supervisors’ estimates of the importance of teaching activities, the results indicated that they believed that the most important teaching activities were: developing the skills of science processes, and "impementing experiments to verify the information, and providing students with correct scientific ideas. The results showed that the least important activities were those that made the students active participants in the learning process. It was concluded that science supervisors were inclined to traditional activities that made the teacher and not the student the central core for the learning process.

The wireless sensor network (WSN) consists mostly of a large number of nodes in a large area where not all nodes are directly connected. The applications of comprise a wide variety of scenarios.The mobile nodes are free to move because this network has selfــstructured topology. Routing protocols are responsible for detecting and maintaining paths in the network, and it classified into reactive (OnـــDemand), proactive (Table driven), and hybrid. In this paper represents a performance study of some WSN routing protocols: the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV). The comparison made according to important metrics like packet delivery ratio (PDR), total packets dropped, Average end-to-end delay (Avg EED), and normalized routing load under the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) traffic connection and with varying number of nodes, pause time; and varying speed. In this work used (NSــ2.35) that installed on (Ubuntu 14.04) operating system to implementing the scenario. Conclude that the DSR has better performance in TCP connection; while the DSDV has better performance in UDP protocol.