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Background & Aims Adolescence is a period in which people are at risk of engaging in many health-threat)ening behaviors such as increased food intake, decreased physical activity, and increased developmental vulnerability which can be a threat to their future health. Counseling and changing their unhealthy behav)iors can improve various aspects of their health, including mental and physical health. This study aims to determine the relationship between mothers' self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors of their adoles)cent girls in Shiraz, Iran. Materials & Methods In this study, participants were 384 high school female students (second term) and their mothers in Shiraz city in 2018. Mothers completed Sherer’s General Self-efficacy Scale and their girls completed Walker's Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII) questionnaire. Pearson or Spearman correlation test and t-test were used for statistical analysis in SPSS software, version 22. Results The mean HPLPII score of girls was 169.29±15.97. The mothers' mean self-efficacy score was 46.66±5.77. The results of Pearson's correlation test showed the direct and significant correlation of mothers' self-efficacy scores with health-promoting behaviors of girls and its domains (r=0.556, P<0.05). Conclusion There is a direct significant relationship between mothers' self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors of their daughters. Considering the importance of health-promoting behaviors and the effect of self-efficacy and living conditions on these behaviors, it is needed to develop strategies to improve people's lifestyle and healthy behaviors. Policy makers in the health system are recommended to promote self-efficacy of mothers by using cultural and educational programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the sensitive issue of tobacco fatwa, there is a need to promote this fatwa through a health promotion. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of health promotion by the Fatwa and Islamic Research Council of the Central Board of Muhammadiyah regarding the tobacco fatwa that bans smoking. In addition, it also focuses on the portion of health problems compared to other issues in the tobacco fatwa. This research aims (1) To analyze the effectiveness of health promotion by The Fatwa and Islamic Research Council regarding the fatwa on smoking prohibition. (2) To analyze the portion of health problems compared to other issues in the discussion of smoking prohibition fatwa by The Fatwa and Islamic Research Council. This is field research that was conducted using questionnaire and interview methods including a Focus Group Discussion and applying a qualitative and quantitative approach. The research reveals that the Fatwa and Islamic Research Council has not collaborated with related institutions in providing health promotion to its citizens. It is also revealed that the health issue has received a proportional highlight in the fatwa, but the concern is that many Muhammadiyah members are unaware about this fatwa.

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Milk is considered as a rich food source since it contains essential nutrients which are necessary for natural and biological impact, and no other food items can be compared with milk which has high nutritional value and plays an important role in building and strengthening the bones of children and prevention of elderly osteoporosis. Calcium in milk plays an important role in reducing the rate of absorption of cholesterol and controlling body weight and blood pressure. Milk contains the basic components that consist of lipid, proteins, sugars and mineral salts in addition to a range of vitamins and enzymes. Results of researches indicate that amino acids structure in the camel milk is similar to the structure of insulin, and contains many amino acids such as Methionine, Phenylalanine:, Arginine, Lysine, Valine and contains high concentration of Albumin and Globulin. The most important characteristic of camel’s milk compared to the other dairy animals is that it contains natural protein compounds such as anti-poising bacteria, anti-lysozyme and anticoagulants. In addition, camel’s milk retains its quality and strength for 12 days at 4ºC, and more than 48 hours at room temperature because it contains substances that reducing the fermented bacteria activity of lactose sugar, it is noted that the reduction of the acidity rate of camel’s milk. Arabian’s used camel milk as a medicine of many diseases such as anemia, tuberculosis, diseases of aging, fragile bones and rickets in children. Camel’s milk is also used as a laxative. It has a role in the treatment of influenza, fever, hepatitis C, the dropsy and respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis and asthma as well as digestive diseases besides lowering the level of blood sugar and regulating heartbeat. The goal of the research is to 1. Identify the benefits of camel milk and comfort active compounds vital vitamins and minerals. 2. Highlight the main role of biologically active compounds to improve and stimulate the immune system.

Introduction: On-time diagnosis of coronary diseases plays a very important role in decreasing the corresponding symptoms. Nowadays, educating the patients is one of the most important and vital caring programs in medical systems, and is known as the heart of responsibilities in all fields of healthcare. Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the effects of the familiarization program on stress, anxiety, and function of the exercising test on cardiovascular patients of Rasht's Heshmat Hospital in 1396(2017). Materials and Methods: This half-empirical study was done on 34 cardiovascular patients, who were undergoing exercise test, and were chosen via convenience sampling. The educational intervention test was a researcher-made exercise in three sessions and anxiety and stress questionnaire (DASS-21) (Levybound and Levybound, 1995). Data were analyzed using descriptive index and covariance test. Results: Analysis of each dependent variable indicated that the familiarization of the patients with the exercise test was effective in improving their performance, i.e., the program was effective on decreasing stress level (F=1.33, Factor 1.33, F=1.33), and anxiety (F (= 1.33) = 1.33), P <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study done on the effectiveness of the familiarizing program on decreasing psychological distress in many diseases, we can help [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of psychological stage-based educational interventions to promote healthy behaviors. This study examined the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the stages-of-change model in improving oral self-care behaviors among students in Qazvin, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 160 elementary schoolchildren who were in inactive stages were selected from 8 primary schools using multi-stage sampling approach and were assigned to either the control or the intervention group. Data, including demographic variables, transtheoretical model constructs and the modified plaque index, was collected using a questionnaire before and six months after the intervention. The educational intervention consisted of four 45 60-minute sessions with a focus on attitude change, self-efficacy promotion and decisional balance change, using images, educational clips and special pamphlets in the intervention group. Data were analyzed with chi-squared test, paired t-test, independent t-test and ANOVA, followed by post hoc Scheffe's test, Wilcoxon 's test and Mann-Whitney test (a = 0.05). Results: Before the intervention, none of the subjects were in the action and maintenance stage, while after the educational intervention, 26% of the intervention group subjects moved to active stages and the number of pre-contemplation stage subjects was halved (p value = 0.0003). Significant improvements were observed in self-efficacy (p value = 0.0006), process of change (p value = 0.002) and decisional balance (p value = 0.005) in the intervention group. Training based on the stages model was able to significantly decrease the plaque index (p value = 0.0001) and increase self-reported oral care behavior (p value = 0.021). Conclusion: Educational intervention based on stages-of-change model can improve oral health-related behaviors, and clinical oral and plaque indexes among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study was undertaken to compare the effect of two loss-oriented and gain-oriented messages on improving attitude, intention and oral health-related behaviors among students in Qazvin, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial the subjects were selected by stratified cluster sampling. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire containing questions on attitude towards toothbrushing and flossing, intention to brush and floss and self-reported frequencies of toothbrushing and flossing behaviors during a week. The subjects were then assigned randomly to gain-oriented (n = 60) or loss-oriented (n = 60) groups and accordingly received pamphlets on the benefits of toothbrushing and flossing and consequences of not brushing and flossing. The participants were asked to complete the questionnaire again one week after the intervention. Simultaneously, a checklist was completed on oral health behavior. Data were analyzed with ANCOVA and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS. Results: ANCOVA revealed that participants who were exposed to loss-oriented messages exhibited more favorable attitudes and intentions than those who were exposed to gain-oriented messages (p value < 0.001). Furthermore, the repeated measures ANOVA indicated that students in the loss-oriented group reported higher frequencies of toothbrushing and flossing behaviors (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that loss-oriented messages should not be ignored. It appears that the loss-oriented messages are more compatible with the collective culture and they result in the promotion of oral health among students and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Mother nutrition during lactation plays an important role in guaranteeing the health of both the mother and the child; therefore, identifying the effective factors is the basis of their health promotion. This study aimed to determine calorie intake and the related factors in lactating mothers referring to health centers. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1112 lactating mothers referring to health centers were selected based on stratified sampling. To collect data, the 24h dietary recall questionnaire was used. The amount of nutrition consumption was determined based on the unit and calorie of each food group. Then the ratio of the reported calorie intake was calculated against the predicted calorie requirement. Results: The mean of the daily calorie intake of lactating mothers was 1868.17 ± 184.4 kcal. There was significant relationship between the efficiency of calorie intake of lactating mothers and their educational level (P<0.05) and occupation (P<0.05). Mothers under 21 and those above 30 years old received adequate calorie intake (P<0.05). There was significant relationship between the efficiency of calorie intake of lactating mothers and their body mass index (P<0.05). Conclusion: Due to inadequate calorie intake in lactating mothers, specially, those who are underweight and housewives, it is necessary to provide them with proper nutrition instruction and support during the lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: It is necessary to assess health status for designing and programming about oral health behaviors. In this study the Effectiveness of Health Promotion Model in Predicting oral health among the Students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar was examined. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study. A random (stratified) sample of 250 university students in Islamic Azad university of Sabzevar, participated in the study. Appropriate instruments were designed to measure the variables of interest based on health promotion model. Reliability and validity of the instruments were examined by a panel of experts and cronbach alpha (N=30,α=0.65-0.81) respectively. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 Statistical Software using Spearman Coefficient, Path analysis based on regression and ANOVA. Results: The mean of oral health behaviors among students was moderate (19.17±3.91 out of total 36).Statistically significant differences were found in oral health behaviors and the model variables by parent education (P<0.05). The results showed that the model variables were related to oral health behaviors of the students (P<0.05).Self-efficacy,interpersonal influences,positive emotion, perceived barriers and commitment to plan of action as variables of HPM model explained 29% of oral health behaviors among subjects within which self-efficacy was the strongest predictor)β=0.252). Conclusion: Although the mean of oral health behaviors was moderate among the subjects, but it should be promoted because of their great importance on the individuals' health. It was concluded that the Health Promotion Model may be used as a framework for planning intervention programs in an attempt to improve the oral health behaviors of the university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]