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Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities is the property of Zarqa Journal for Research & Studies in Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aimed to develop a scale for identifying dyspraxia and verifying its validity and reliability, to measure its effectiveness, a descriptive method was used to suit the purpose of the study. The study sample was chosen using the available intentional method from (117) students with learning difficulties. The results indicated that the scale for (Dyspraxia) has acceptable psychometric characteristics, as it has acceptable content validity, high constructive validity at the level (0.00), and the scale has acceptable reliability coefficients through test-Re-test, Cronbach's alpha test, and Split- Half test. The study recommended the need to apply the scale among the students with learning disabilities to detect (Dyspraxia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify educational readiness and willingness of teachers affiliated to the Ministry of Education to use critical thinking in their teaching, in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive survey method was adopted, and a questionnaire was used to collect data from the study sample which consisted of (733) male and female teachers, randomly selected from education directorates of Makkah, Jeddah, Taif, Al-Baha, Asir, Jazan, and Najran. The questionnaire included three main dimensions;and after testing its validity, and reliability, it was administered to the sample. The study results showed that teachers’ educational readiness scored a high degree of awareness that would allow achieving the goal of teaching by using critical thinking in schools as a teaching strategy approved by the Ministry of Education. The teachers also showed their understanding of the characteristics, skills and educational effects of the application of the critical thinking strategy in schools. The study recommended conducting future studies on the challenges and advantages of applying the critical thinking strategy from the perspective of students and teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the impact of integrating reciprocal teaching and science stations strategies in teaching science on developing some science hand skills among Eighth-grade female pupils in Thamar City. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical method and the quasi-experimental design of the two groups, with pre and post measurements, were used. The data collection tools included: a checklist for analyzing Unit 7 (Nutrition in Living Organisms), and unit 8 (The Relationship of what you eat to your Health) in the respective textbook; a checklist of science hand skills to be developed;and an observation sheet of theskills, coveringthree main skills: (carrying out scientific experiments correctly- designing and drawing shapes and illustrations correctlyfollowing safety rules in the laboratory). After testing the validity and reliability of the tools, and administering them to the study sample, a number of results were revealed. More specifically, there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the pupils of the experimental and control groups in the science hand skills, attributed to the experimental group due to the integrative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Coolidge Test (2001) of Personality Disorders (SCATI) in the Moroccan socio-cultural context. To achieve this objective, the test was translated into Arabic and applied to a sample of 303 Moroccan adults، distributed according to gender to 57.1% females, 42.4% males. The findings revealed the high degree of validity and reliability of the SCATI test. The validity was determined using: (i) Internal consistency: all correlations were statistically significant and positive; (ii) discriminatory validity: The test overall score and all of its items' differences between the means of the two groups at the lower and upper ends were statistically significant. The reliability was determined using the following methods: (i) Cronbach's Alpha coefficient: the coefficients for all test dimensions were acceptable, and the coefficient for the test total score was high; (ii) Split-half reliability: the coefficients for all test dimensions were acceptable, and the coefficient for the test two halves as a whole was high. The study found no gender-related differences, except for two aspects in favor of women: schizoid personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychological Studies (EPS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sport Sciences / Magallat ulum Al-Riyadat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education (20736452) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current research aims, firstly, at constructing a scale of skill learning difficulties in basketball for students of faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences, and secondly, at Identifying the percentages of learning difficulties, the basic skills of basketball, for both male and female students. The researchers used the descriptive survey method. The research sample consisted of (540) male and female students, and the scale was used as a tool for research through the stages of construction by defining the axes and expressions of the scale and testing them logically and statistically through discrimination coefficients and internal consistency and then finding the scientific basis for the scale from the validity of two appearances and the validity of the content, and self-honesty as well as stability and statistical description of the scale. The researchers found percentages of learning difficulties for basic skills for both male and female students. It was recommended to adopt the scale in recognizing difficulties as well as benefiting the development of curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims at investigating the effect of the learning circle model on acquiring the fifth scientific grade female students' chemical concepts and developing their scientific thinking. The sample consisted of (60) students. It was distributed into two groups, (30) students for the experimental group in the Al-Talay'a preparatory school which was taught according to the learning circle model and (30) students for the control group in the Al-Andulus preparatory school which was taught according to the conventional method. Equating procedures were used to equalize the two groups in a number of nonexperimental variables. To apply the study, the researchers prepared the lesson plans for both groups of the research. To achieve the aims and test the hypotheses of the study, two tools have been required: an achievement test to measure the acquisition of chemical concepts and a test to measure scientific thinking. The achievement test was objective in the form of multiple choice and comprises (44) items. The validity of the test was examined and the content validity type was used for this purpose. The test was presented to a number of jurors and the (80%) percentage was used as a percentage for accepting the item and all items got the percentage and more. The second tool was a previously made test to measure scientific thinking which consisted of (20) items . After collecting and analyzing the data by using the T-test for two independent samples, at (0.05) level of significance, the results indicated that: -There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of acquiring the chemical concepts for the experimental group and those of the control group for the benefit of the experimental group . -There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of developing scientific thinking for the experimental group and those of the control group for the benefit of the experimental group . -There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of developing scientific thinking for the experimental group from the pretest to the posttest for the benefit of the posttest . In light of the results obtained, the researcher concluded that the learning circle model is effective in the acquisition of chemical concepts and the development of scientific thinking. Also, a number of recommendations and suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural areas are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and forecasting. Resilience is an approach that can help improve rural areas and their response in the face of crisis. In this study, the aim is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the economic and social resilience of rural areas in the form of a case study in Kermanshah. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through the field approach. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was approved and its reliability was also confirmed with a Cronbach's coefficient greater than 0.74. The statistical population of the research was formed by the heads of households in the villages with more than 100 households in the central part of Kermanshah city, which were a total of 2314 households. The sample size was determined through Cochran's formula, 330 household heads. The result of the test showed that the economic and social resilience of rural areas is significant at the level of less than 0.05 and according to the calculated average (2.386), their condition is evaluated as unfavorable. Among the 11 indicators of economic and social resilience, two indicators of damage with an average of 3.962, and then preparedness to deal with accidents among villagers with an average of 3.093 had an average status and the rest of the indicators were weak. Also, the results of the factor analysis confirm that the three factors of the prosperity of economic platforms and job creation, improvement of human and social capital, as well as the creation of facilities and income capacities, are the most influential factors in the resilience of rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Anbar University Journal of Economic & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evaluating the quality of the performances of higher education centers is very important due to their important and effective role. Evaluating the quality of the performance of higher education centers leads to identifying strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and factors hindering development, and the possibility of an appropriate planning for improving the situation are also provided. In order to continuously modify and improve the university system, it seems necessary to establish an appropriate performance evaluation mechanism through which the improvement of the entire university system can be considered in addition to improving and enhancing the scientific quality, and at the same time, which has arisen from the text of the university system and conforms to the characteristics of this system. In this research, considering the uncertain decision-making environment, a new evaluation model called Fuzzy Improved Input Efficiency Profiling - Common Weights Based on the Optimal Solution (FIIEP - CWBOS) has been proposed, which improves the performance of the classic input efficiency profile model. The results of this study showed that the proposed model has the necessary validity and optimal performance compared to other models presented so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of using Quasnir's segments in teaching mathematics on the achievement of female students Fourth grade of primary school, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average achievement scores of the experimental group students (who study mathematics using Quasner’s cut-offs) and the average achievement scores of the control group students (who study the same subject in the same way). The current research was limited to fourth grade students in one of the schools in Maysan Governorate for the academic year (2018/2019), the researcher relied on the experimental design with two groups, experimental and the second control, and the number of sample members was (70) female students. By (35) female students for the experimental group and(35)female students for the control group. The two research groups were rewarded in several variables (preknowledge test in mathematics, chronological age calculated by month, previous achievement in mathematics. An achievement test of (20) items was prepared and the validity of the content was verified, and the Kewder-Richardon equation was used to calculate the stability of the achievement test and its value was (0.85), and the (t-test) was used) for two independent samples for data processing, and the researcher found a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control group and in favor of the experimental group in the achievement test, and accordingly the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a semi-experimental study that aims at measuring the impact of CANVA on the learning of ninth graders in a Jordanian school of HTML. 50 female ninth graders were randomly selected from 72 students in Aisha Bint Abi Baker school, and were distributed to two groups; control, which was taught traditionally, and experimental, which was taught with CANVA to learn HTML as a part of their computer curriculum. The researcher used a set of 20 multiple choice questions to test their knowledge achievement and skills. After checking the validity and reliability of the test. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the main scores between the members of the two groups for the benefit of the experimental group learning with CANVA, and that there were also statistically significant differences in the achievement of the members between the two groups in favor of the experimental group in both knowledge and skills categories. The researcher eventually recommended that CANVA should be used in teaching computer programming and to conduct further research for other grades and subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Humanities is the property of Tarbiat Modares University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Anbar University Journal of Economic & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to determine the impact of strategic agility through its dimensions (strategic sensitivity, organizational capabilities, strategic responsiveness) as an independent variable in strategic success dimensions (survival in the field of business, adaptation, growth) as a dependent variable.The study population consisted of all managers in the social security corporation totaled of (350) respondents. The study was based on a questionnaire to collect the required information. Statistical analysis (SPSS) was adopted to answer the study’s questions and test the validity of the hypotheses. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is the impact of strategic agility by its dimensions on strategic success of social security corporation. The study recommended that the social security corporation should pay attention to strategic agility because of its significant impact in achieving strategic success and endeavor to develop modern electronic means of communication to facilitate the opening of dialogue among workers through these channels, which are considered as a means to strengthen organizational capabilities and help the social security corporation in increasing its capacity. In addition, the social security corporation should adopt strategic thinking through its various programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The researchers dealt with a topic entitled "Differentiated activities; to develop spatial ability, and curiosity; among students with difficulties learning mathematics." They used Descriptive method to It was reviewed from the relevant educational literature - to a list of the dimensions of spatial ability, and it’s skills, and the experimental curriculum with its quasi)experimental design of one group, were counted with measurement: pre and post; To measure the impact of activities based on the principles of differentiated education in developing dimensions of spatial ability and curiosity; The students of the fourth grade of primary school with difficulties learning mathematics, and the research aimed to test the validity of two hypotheses emanating from the first four sub-hypotheses, and the researchers followed a set of procedures to answer the research questions represented in: First: preparing the research tools; (1) is a questionnaire to determine the dimensions of spatial ability and the skills associated with it, (2) is a test of spatial ability for fourth-grade students with difficulties learning mathematics, and (3) is the illustrated curiosity scale for Maw Maw, Second: Selection The research sample, and the application of the tools on them, third: the data collection and analysis that resulted from the previous procedures, and one of the most important results of the research is the high level of spatial ability skills among the students of the research sample, where the average scores of the students of the research group came in the dimensional measurement of the spatial ability test as a whole (14.13). Whereas in the pre-measurement it was (5.8), and the value of “t” between the two averages of (26.6) shows that the results came in favor of the post-measurement, and that the effect of the independent variable (discriminatory activities) in the dimensions of the spatial ability test as a whole was large; The value of the Eta square is (0.96) which is greater than (0.15), and therefore there is an effectiveness of the differential activities in developing the "spatial ability" as a whole. With regard to the curiosity scale, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the research sample, in the two measurements: pre, and dimensional; This is in favor of the average dimensional measurement; and a set of recommendations and proposed researches that could benefit those in charge of making social studies curricula and math, Nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Human Sciences (19922876) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of The Iraqi University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to explain the element of evaluation in the online education and learning curriculum of technical and vocational centers. This research was applied and descriptive-survey method and is among the combined research. In the qualitative section, 20 knowledgeable professors and trainers were purposefully selected and interviewed in order to determine the optimal status of the evaluation element in the online education curriculum of technical and vocational centers. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population consists of two groups. The first group includes teachers and trainers teaching in the centers of Qazvin province and the second group includes trainees of technical and professional centers of the province. These individuals were selected by simple random sampling. For this section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the content validity of which was approved by expert. Its reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient at 84.4. For data analysis in qualitative part, categorization method and in quantitative part, one-sample t-test, Friedman test, independent t-test and Levin test were used. From the respondents' point of view, the evaluation element in the curriculum in the desired situation should have the features that are presented about the evaluation element in four categories. The results of the quantitative section also showed that there is a significant difference between the views of teachers and trainees about the compatibility of the curriculum element in the current situation with the desired situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to reveal the effect of test items orderin estimating persons and items parameters using the five parameter logistic model, using the descriptive survey methodology. The study population consisted of all secondary students in the scientific stream in Ein Albash district, approximately their number (1940) male and female students. The study sample consisted of (580), (290) male and (290) female by using intentional sample. The study instrument consisted of three experimental models. The validity of the content, construction, criterion-related and reliability was verified by internal consistency. Results were obtained for matching individuals and items to the five parameter logistic model using matching indicators. persons, items and standard errors were parameter estimated in the classical test theory (difficulty, discrimination) and item response theory (difficulty, discrimination, guessing, Upper Asymptote and asymmetrical).Assumptions were achieved (unidimesionality, monotone homogeneity, item characteristic curve, test and item information function).The results in the classical test theory have found differences between the mean parameters (discrimination) of the two ways order logical difficulty and random difficulty, in the favor for logical difficulty. Also found differences between the mean parameters (difficulty in the classical test theory and discrimination in item response theory) of the two ways order (sequence of subject content and logical difficulty) on one hand and random on the other, in the favor for (sequence of subject content and logical difficulty). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to provide a reliable list with high reliability and validity indications to match the TIMSS International Study Standards for Science and Mathematics with the fourth-grade Cambridge mathematics’ curriculum in the Sultanate of Oman. The list consisted of 39 standards distributed over five domains (whole numbers, algebraic expressions, measurement, fractions, and geometry). A total of 616 (584 teachers, 32 supervisors) were given the list. The criteria were shown to be effective in measuring the list's domains and many indicators of validity, including face validity and construct validity. It also reached appropriate and high indications for the reliability of the list. The study recommended using the list to review the fourth-grade Cambridge mathematics curriculum in the Sultanate of Oman to judge its compatibility with TIMSS standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]