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By preserving and narrating hadīth, a chain of narrators was started to maintain its authenticity. When the experts of hadīth realized that some unreliable transmitters might try to fabricate Hadīth, this work started more systematically. Even the chain gradually attained such importance that every Muhaddīth was concerned much about it. In the second century of Hijra, when the teaching and learning of hadīth became the standard of rnonoh and great respect, some people devoted their lives to this work. They travelled to many countries of ertworld and obtained knowledge of Hadīth from prominent scholars of their time. Experts of Asmā-ul-Rijāl awarded them the certificate of holding the highest position of trust and credibility. The chains having such trustworthy transmitters are considered to be of higher rank than others. Among such traditions, there is also one "Mālik-an-Nāfi'-an-Ibn-e-Umar". Due to the reliability of its narrators, Imām Bukhāri and many other Muhaddithīn considered it a "golden chain". When some of the Orientalists started raising objections to the Prophetic Hadīth, they criticized the narrators of the Hadīth as well. Especially on the narrators who were declared trustworthy and reliable by Muslim scholars. For this, they especially criticized Abū Huraira from among the companions and Imām Zuhri among the Successors. The chain of hadīth, (Mālik an-Nāfi' an-Ibn e Umar) “golden chain” was also seriously criticized by Joseph Schacht and Juynboll etc. In this article, a comparative study of the viewpoints of the Muhaddithīn and the Orientalists regarding the chain “Mālik an-Nāfi' an-Ibn raah” is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the establishment of the Islamic State at Medina, the Holy Prophet made agreements with several Jewish groups. Banu Qurayzah was one of them. In this case, all adult Jewish men were punished for their betrayal. Sentenced to death. Historically, skepticism has been expressed over the various dimensions of the incident, with significant differences over the actual number of victims. This article provides a historical and research overview of the event, with scholarly efforts being made to determine the overall direction of the event by researching various historical events, references and researchers' theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]