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Teachers use many methods to measure students' progress in learning Arabic, either by using a computer or manually. This study aimed to determine the level and comparison between student motivation to complete assignments using computer-based and paper-based test methods in Arabic language learning. This research used a quantitative approach with comparative descriptive by performing observation, questionnaire, and interview for data collection. It used data analysis methods, such as validity tests, reliability tests and percentage analysis. The research subjects were 23 tenth graders of Visual Communication Design of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. The results of this study are: (1) the motivation of students to complete Arabic language assignments by computer-based test methods is 81.13% with high category. (2) The motivation of students to complete Arabic language assignments by paper-based test method is 83.82% with high category. (3) Comparison between the motivation of students to complete assignments using computer and paper-based test methods is 2.7% with low category. This difference is due to several factors, including human resource factors. This research has contributed to the Arabic language learning evaluation as it can be used as a teacher's consideration on what methods to use.

This study aims to determine the validity of the gap between madrasah policies and field facts in implementing extracurricular activities based on character education. Novelty by using the Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM) framework which is estimated to have the accuracy of assessing extracurricular activities of Adolescent Scientific Work based on character education as a basis for evaluating success. This research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 5 Bogor. This data was obtained from research subjects such as madrasah heads, student affairs representatives, coaches, chairmen, and parents. Data were collected from the triangulation process by observation, interviews, and documentation studies and then analyzed the findings data in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 62 of 2014 concerning Extracurricular Activities and Guidelines for Extracurricular Activities in Primary and Secondary Education as the evaluation standards used. The results of the study have an impact on the need for improvement in extracurricular activity programs because there is a gap between Madrasah stakeholder policies and field facts, namely the lack of optimal management, management and guidance of KIR Coaches, as well as financing and infrastructure in supporting extracurricular activities

English language ability is one of the skills that must be possessed by college students, including nursing students. Having good English skills will open broad opportunities for increasing the competency and expertise of nursing students. One form of recognition of good English skills is to have a high TOEFL score. However, getting a high TOEFL score is still a challenge for nursing students. Facts in the field show that many nursing students find it difficult to achieve high scores on the TOEFL test. The most common form of difficulty is the problem in answering questions related to the structure and written expression section in the Paper-Based TOEFL test. The purpose of this research is to investigate nursing students’ difficulties in the structure and written expressions section tested in the Paper-Based TOEFL. The population of this study was 80 nursing students of POLTEKES Solok, and the sample was selected by using cluster random sampling. Data of the research was collected through tests and interviews. The result of the research found that that there were 8 items considered as the most difficult elements met by nursing students in the TOEFL test. These items were word order, parallel structure, singular and plural nouns, missing and extra words, articles, comparative and superlative, word choice, and word form. In addition, the findings also show that several factors influence nursing students' difficulties in the structure and written expression section. The factors were unfamiliarity with the TOEFL test, lack of practice, and lack of grammatical competence.Kemampuan berbahasa Inggris merupakan salah satu keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh mahasiswa perguruan tinggi, termasuk mahasiswa keperawatan. Dengan memiliki keterampilan bahasa Inggris yang baik akan membuka kesempatan yang luas terhadap peningkatan kompetensi dan keahlian mahasiswa keperawatan. Salah satu bentuk pengakuan dari kemampuan bahasa Inggris yang baik ialah memiliki skor TOEFL yang tinggi. Namun, mendapatkan nilai yang tinggi dalam test TOEFL masih menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi mahasiswa keperawatan. Fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak mahasiswa keperawatan yang kesulitan untuk bisa mencapai skor tinggi dalam tes TOEFL. Bentuk kesulitan yang paling banyak ditemui adalah permasalahan dalam menjawab soal yang berkaitan dengan structure dan written expression section pada Paper-Based TOEFL test. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa keperawatan POLTEKES Solok dalam menjawab structure dan written expression section yang diuji dalam Paper-Based TOEFL. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 80 orang mahasiswa keperawatan, dan sampel penelitian ini dipilih dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling. Data dari penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes dan interview. Dari temuan penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada 8 item yang dianggap sebagai elemen paling sulit yang ditemui mahasiswa keperawatan dalam tes TOEFL. Item-item tersebut adalah word order, parallel structure, singular and plural noun, missing dan extra words, article, comparative and superlative, word choice, dan word form.Selain itu, temuan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan siswa dalam structure and written epression section. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah tidak terbiasa dengan tes TOEFL, kurangnya latihan, dan kurangnya penguasaan tata bahasa.Kata Kunci: TOEFL, Structure and Written Expression Section, Mahasiswa Keperawatan

The low proficiency attainment in English language among Malaysian learners has been given main attention in Malaysia Ministry of Education’s plan to further improve education. Part of the plan is by introducing literature components in the teaching and learning of English language curriculum. This has immediately changed the scenario of teaching and learning in English language classroom. This paper will review past studies related to the implementation of Literature component in English language by looking specifically at the teacher’s roles since teachers are the direct factor contributor in learners’ process of learning and teaching. Apart of roles in the learning process, teachers’ approaches employed in teaching literature component will be critically reviewed in this paper and suitable approaches available in teaching literature in English will be put forward.

This study is meant to examine the thesis quality of students of English Department at IAIN Samarinda. Through the descriptive-quantitative research, the thesis quality of students of English Department at IAIN Samarinda is reviewed from the aspects of language, structure, concepts understanding, theoretical framework, methodology, content, writing mechanism, and references used. This study also tries to figure out any factors that affect the thesis quality of English Department students. Fourteen English Department Students’ thesis tested in 2013 are used as the main data. In addition, other data are obtained from respondents i.e. 19 students, and informants i.e. lecturers of English Department who are also their thesis advisors. The result shows that the average score of thesis written by 14 English Department students at IAIN Samarinda academic year of 2013 is 3.16 which is in the range of 2.61-3.40 scale, which is quite good quality. This quality is relevant with the informants’ perceptions about the quality of thesis written by their students. Judging from some aspects, they assume that their students are able to write a good quality of thesis with an average score of 2.81 which is at a scale of 2.61-3.40. The quality is affected by internal factors and external factors. The most decisive internal factor is the respondents’ low score of writing with appropriate and acceptable structure in English. This is the effect of respondents’ lack of ability of composing adequate paragraphs in English. Meanwhile, the most concerning external factor is the quality of learning structure course and the professionalism of the informants in guiding the students to improve their writing ability in thesis writing.

This study aims to (1) describe the need for textbook in writing learning to write papers and research reports that’s become as the development of instructional material, (2) design an appropriate textbook to students’ needs analysis, (3) develop the textbook of writing papers and research reports at the two-semester, Study Program of Language and Literature Indonesian, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Baturaja, and, (4) determine the potential effects of writing papers and research reports development of textbook on learning outcomes. This study is a research and development. Subjects in this study were students of Language and Literature Indonesian, the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Baturaja amounted to 23 students. The results of the research indicated that the textbook writing papers and research reports as the result of this development have the potential effects to influence and improve student’s understanding of the materials on the course of writing in a universityPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan kebutuhan buku teks dalam pembelajaran menulis makalah dan laporan penelitian yang dijadikan bahan ajar pengembangan, (2) merancang buku teks yang sesuai dengan analisis kebutuhan mahasiswa, (3) mengembangkan buku teks menulis makalah dan laporan penelitian di semester 2 Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Baturaja, (4) mengetahui pengaruh potensial pengembangan buku teks menulis makalah dan laporan penelitian terhadap hasil belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Baturaja sebanyak 23 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa buku teks Menulis Makalah dan Laporan Penelitian hasil pengembangan ini mempunyai pengaruh potensial dalam meningkatkan kemampuan dan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi-materi menulis di perguruan tinggi.

Nowadays, paper money is no longer backed by gold and silver and thus has become a fiat money, whereas standard money in Islamic economics is gold and silver. Consequently, this influences its purchasing power which then causes the increasing of a price of goods. This paper aims to examine the stability of paper money and its influence on inflation from an Islamic economics perspective. Data for this study was collected through library research. The data is then analyzed using descriptive analysis method which is a conceptual study that provides an overview of the influence of paper money toward inflation extensively. The research concludes that paper money does not have a stable value. When an excess amount of money is circulating within the community, the prices of goods is also increasing. The increasing quantity of money causes the increasing of people’s purchasing power while at the same time a number of goods are stable. This condition triggers instability in the economy that creates inflation. In Islamic economy, money is not limited only to the dinar and dirham, but also covering the whole of its kind as long as it can reflect its functions. From its nominal, paper money is included as a valuable asset, but not from its intrinsic value. Moreover, Islam allows the use of paper money as long as the money is able to reflect its function in the economy and able to act as a fair medium of exchange to create equilibrium in every aspect of life. =========================================== Penggunaan uang kertas saat ini tidak lagi dibacking oleh emas dan perak, padahal standard uang dalam ekonomi Islam adalah emas dan perak, hal ini menyebabkan tidak stabilnya nilai mata uang kertas sehingga berpengaruh terhadap daya beli uang tersebut yang akhirnya juga berpengaruh terhadap kenaikan harga barang. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh stabilitas uang kertas terhadap inflasi dari perspektif fiqh muamalah. Data untuk penelitian dikumpulkan melalui library research, yaitu pengumpulan data melalui bahan-bahan bacaan yang berhubungan dengan karya ilmiah ini. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif analisis, yaitu suatu kajian konseptual yang memberikan gambaran tentang pengaruh uang kertas terhadap inflasi secara luas dan detil. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa uang kertas tidak memiliki nilai yang stabil sehingga jika terjadi kelebihan jumlah uang beredar di masyarakat maka akan mengakibatkan kenaikan harga, karena ketika kuantitas uang yang beredar di masyarakat mengalami kenaikan maka daya beli masyarakat terhadap barang juga naik, sementara jumlah barang yang tersedia tetap, maka barang-barang tersebut akan mengalami kenaikan harga yang disebut dengan inflasi. Dalam ekonomi Islam, uang tidak terbatas pada dinar dan dirham saja tetapi mencakup seluruh jenisnya asalkan uang tersebut dapat merefleksikan fungsinya.Uang kertas jika dilihat dari nominalnya merupakan harta yang bernilai akan tetapi jika dilihat dari nilai intrinsiknya maka uang kertas tidak termasuk harta karena tidak mempunyai nilai. Islam memperbolehkan penggunaan uang kertas asalkan uang kertas tersebut bisa merefleksikan fungsinya dalam bidang perekonomian, dapat bertindak sebagai alat tukar yang adil demi terwujudnya keadilan dalam setiap sendi kehidupan.

The paper examined domestic violence under Nigerian law and Islamic Law. Domestic violence involves infliction of physical, sexual, or psychological harm by one spouse on the other. To achieve the aim and objectives of this research, the meaning, nature and causes of domestic violence were briefly discussed. The paper adopted a doctrinal research method by conducting an in-depth analysis of the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015, some Qur’anic provisions, prophetic traditions and juristic opinions relating to the topic. The paper critically examined and analyzed Chapter 4, verse 34 of the Holy Qur’an to find out whether or not its provision permits, condones or endorses domestic violence against women. The study found that this Qur’anic verse does not encourage, condone, endorse or permit domestic violence in whatever form. It further found that the beating mentioned in the verse is a non-violent symbolic gesture. The major findings are that Islam prohibits and condemns any form of domestic violence against women, and the principles of compassion, mercy, and respect for human dignity are central to Islamic teaching. The paper recommended collaborative efforts of the government and religious leaders to campaign against and condemn domestic violence in whatever form and all ramifications.

Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid are regarded as two of Indonesia's most influential Muslim intellectuals at the turn of the twentieth century. Adapting the concept of Barton (1997), both Madjid and Wahid are not only prominent public intellectuals but also can be considered intellectual ulama, scholars who combine the best of classical scholarship and intellectual leadership with modern secular and Islamic learning and participated alongside other public intellectuals in Indonesia's civil society forums. In addition, Greg Barton labels these personalities and characteristics of thought as Neo-Modernists or Neo-Modernist thinkers. This paper examines the interpretation of Madjid, who studied in a more Western academic culture, and Wahid, who studied in a Middle-Eastern country, on civil society as the manifestation of both Neo-Modernism's thought, followed by a discussion on the similarities and differences between the two ideas. Through an exploratory and comparative analysis, this study reveals that the Neo-Modernism interpretation of civil society articulated by both can be seen in their progressive thought towards Islam and society, Madjid with his idea of 'secularization' and further changed into 'de-sacralization'; while Wahid with his thinking on the indigenization of Islam (pribumisasi Islam). Their thoughts introduce an open, inclusive, progressive understanding of the relationship between Islam and civil society, asserting social pluralism and modernity and stressing the need for tolerance and understanding. Moreover, this paper also argues that both interpretations of Islam and civil society have been constructive for Indonesia in promoting democratic reforms, strengthening the importance of the Pancasila (the five pillars) foundation and state constitution, not religious sectarianism (theocracy), thus refuting the notion that Islam is incompatible with democracy and pluralism and assisting Indonesian society in the productive synthesis of Islamic ideas and modern concepts such as democracy, liberalism, and secularism.