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This paper aims to give an overview of the stances of three Albanian Renessaince representatives on the Albanian language alphabet and script. This comparison of three important figures of the National Renessaince offers a deeper understanding of their opposing opinions. Gjergj Qiriazi defended the Albanian alphabet that we know and use today, Mit'hat Frashëri the Istanbul alphabet, whereas Faik Konica attacked almost every participant of the Alphabet Congress, underlining that those who claimed to having the ability to solve the issue of the alphabet and the script, did not possess the skills to do so. The objective the paper strives to fulfill is to reflect and summarise opposing stances, proving the difficulty of solving the issue of the alphabet and the discussions that had to be overcome. These Renessaince representatives were selected since each of them represents a specific branch of the Albanian culture: Mithat Frashëri comes from the Frasheri family, in a way-the main promoters of the National Renessaince, Gjergj Qiriazi comes from the group representing the Bible Society, with the mission to translate the Gospel into Albanian, whereas Faik Konica had Western values and a completely different apporach towards the Albanian culture as well as the Albanian alphabet. The article will be enriched by stances and opinions of other authors defending the Arab and Greek scripts for the Albanian language. This study is built by referencing articles by the above-mentioned authors on the Albanian language alphabet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has seen a growing concern among linguists, members of academia, researchers and language teachers on the matter of preserving linguistic norms of the Albanian language and the relations they have with new tendencies flowing from language globalization and electronic communication. In the language plane, electronic communication has brought about a new language style, requiring attention and careful examination during teaching mother tongue in general. The language used in electronic texts is far from standard Albanian language. It contains ortographic errors varying in nature, as well as erroneous usage of language by youngsters who do not observe language accuracy. Having the above said in mind, this study focuses on non-compliance of language norms in electronic communication. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it informs us on knowledge that students have on standard Albanian, focusing on ortography rules, since these are the rules that are challenged the most during electronic communication. To achieve the aims of the study we observed four hundred emails, phone SMS, WhatsApp messages, Viber messages, social blogs such as Facebook, Twitter and Linkedin etc., of students aged 15-23. The paper focused on this age group due to the fact that youngsters are the most active users of social networks. The study was conducted in the city of Skopje. The reason for choosing the capital lies in the fact that it offers a dynamic life and diverse linguistic communication. The population in the capital is heterogenous, with various dialects intertwined with new globalized linguistic elements, thus enabling diversity in the language plane. Sample selection was random, 250 students were from high schools, 150 of them from general gymnasium stream, 100 from vocational streams, and 150 university students. In order for our sample to include various categories we combined university students, students of general gymnasium stream and vocational streams, having in mind that mother tongue as a school subject in vocational schools is taught in a limited class fund, due to the fact that such schools focus on professional studies, they do not pay attention to language aspects. The research procedure was planned prior to conducting the study, followed by the on-site data gathering plan, determining locations and times, population and sample determination. The data gathering procedure was conducted in a relatively short period: within a month we managed to gather the necessary feedback from students and university students with whom we had established prior communication thanks to school and university management staff. After gathering the data (emails, SMS, Whats App, Viber, Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin messages), we started processing it. The scientific research methods used in this study were: data analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction methods, classification method, descriptive method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present the importance of reading as one of four main linguistic skills, together with speaking, writing and listening, impacting greatly the development of student's communication skills. In the Albanian Language and Literature Curriculum, starting from grade I-XII Language and Communication composes a special part. This is why this article strives to reflect via tables the number of classes and knowledge distribution on this field throughout four years of studying, for general gymnasium high school streams. Such graphic representation serves to enable comparisons between the number of hours and lines and sub-lines presented within the field Language and Communication. A comparison of such nature dictates certain conclusions and recommendations on the quantity and manner that would assist students to acquire reading for communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at addressing the phenomenon of anaphora and anaphoric reference with relevant examples of texts in Albanian language. After giving a brief overview of the development of Text Linguistics, we focus on the analysis of the concepts of anaphora and coreference, the distinction of anaphora from the textual deixis, as well as anaphoric types according to their reference identity, of meaning and form and anaphoric ellipse. The paper emphasizes the importance and value of anaphora as a means of achieving cohesion of the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our pedagocical terminology the term reading material is used with a specific meaning, confirmed as well by usage of numerous labels such as: literary reading material, school reading material, home reading material, obligatory reading material, optional reading material etc. The usage of these terms aims towards limitation and distancing from other literary works read by students, but which are foreseen as home/school reading materials. Reading materials have an important part in the teaching program of the subject of the mother tongue, exercises and functions arising directly from reading these reading materials are numerous, their main objectives being: to encourage students to work independently with a book; to enable students to have an independent judgment on the artistic value of the literary work; to broaden creativity and imagination; to enrich the vocabulary; to encourage love towards language and literature; to improve the culture of expression in written and spoken form etc. At the same time it needs to be emphasised that one of the roles and functions that are successfully realised during reading and interpretation of reading materials is the educational role. The class dedicated to the reading material should guide and successfully train students to read, understand, feel, find themselves in the world they encounter while reading the literary works and positively form their new personality. We claim that reading materials should be understood and used as content, manner, tool, form, activity and condition for improving the students' reading culture, in actual pedagogical conditions and circumstances at school and purposefully continued at home conditions and circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a manuscript of the XIXth century in the Albanian, Turkish, Greek and Arabic languages, which, regardless of the language of expression, is written in Greek and Arabic alphabets and comes from Southern Albania. The topic of the paper is mainly Albanian of manuscripts, but also the relation language-context-alphabet for the parts in Greek and Turkish. The Greek alphabet covers most of the text. Being a product of Muslim culture in Albanian lands, writing this text with the Greek alphabet is a breach of the accepted rule, according to which the systems used for the writing of the Albanian language have been severely influenced by religious affiliation, Muslims to use the Arabic alphabet, Orthodox the Greek alphabet and Catholics the Latin alphabet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech ethnography is an interesting view of expressions, presented as a linguistic standard, with significant emotional linguistic loads, used at certain moments, including ritual life. It studies, in terms of sociolinguistics, expressions and ways of saying, which have a certain ethnographic axis and represent an interest in the variety of linguistic variations traditionally disclosed in these ceremonies. This is also aimed at the material presented in this study regarding the ethnography of speech in the Albanian oral tradition during engagement, focusing on proverbs, congratulations, greetings, ready-made formulas, returned to the customary routine and the natural accompanying necessity. The study also stops in the engagement song cycle, which is closely related to the customs associated with the word giving, the engagement marks, the well-known ways of expressing at the ceremony and the gifts made to it case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]