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Intraspecific morphological variability of four Styloperla Wu, 1935 species are described and discussed in this paper. The males of each species have variable specializations present at their basal cercal process, including the variable number of branches or differing degrees of curvature at the apical spines. A generalization on the species definition of Plecoptera, especially a new concept of conspecificity is also provided herein.

Perlodinella microlobata Wu, 1938 is rediscovered in Qinghai and Sichuan provinces with a supplementary description in this paper. Another species collected from Qinghai at the same time, Tibetisoperla sclerotica Yan, Chen, Bozdogan & Li, 2022, is partially revised because the adult female belongs to the chloroperlid genus Sweltsa Ricker, 1943.

In this study, the first cavernicolous stonefly of China is reported from Guizhou Province, southwestern China. The morphological characteristics show that this species is a member of the genus Rhopalopsole Klapálek, 1912 (Plecoptera: Leuctridae). The pale coloration and the reduced compound eyes indicate that this species could be an obligate troglobitic taxon. The mtDNA COI barcode fragment of this species supports its assignment to Rhopalopsole and suggests it a distant relative to Rhopalopsole longispina Yang & Yang, 1991.

A new species of the genus Sweltsa Ricker, 1943, Sweltsa lateoblonga Rehman, Du & Huo sp. nov. from Wanglang Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China, is described and compared with similar species. A new species group, Sweltsa recurvata group, is proposed for Sweltsa species that lack a transverse ridge on tergum 9. The new species, together with five recognized Palearctic and two Nearctic species, are included in the new group. A taxonomic key to species in this group is included. In addition, unidentified male and female specimens of Sweltsa recorded from Anzihe Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, and its morphological differences with similar species are discussed with contemporary color images.

In the genus Claassenia Wu, 1934, the sensilla basiconica patch is an important identification characteristic, yet there are few studies that have investigated this trait. Recently, we found that tergum 8 of males of Claassenia qingzanga Xiang, Huo & Du, 2021 collected from the Qinghai Province of China have a small, scattered basiconica patch, while the specimens collected from the Tibet Autonomous Region of China lack this characteristic. To verify their genetic relationship, we sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene of C. qingzanga collected from Tibet and Qinghai provinces. Phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods, the two forms of C. qingzanga grouped together with strong nodal support and separate from the other Claassenia species analyzed. Genetic distance among these two forms of C. qingzanga is only about 1%. The molecular analyses confirmed that specimens with morphological differences are indeed the same species. A discussion of morphological differences within C. qingzanga and its genetic relationships are presented based on molecular data. Additionally, Claassenia magna Wu, 1948 is redescribed based on recent specimens.

Although some females of Plecoptera are described in taxonomic literature, they are difficult to morphologically distinguish among regional congeners, and identifications are often made through inference only. Therefore, females of many species are unknown and it is often difficult to match males and females correctly. Recently, we reviewed the specimens of the genus Rhopalopsole Klapálek, 1912 that we collected and found that differentiation between female subgenital plates is significant and very helpful for the identification of species. A new species of this genus from Sichuan Province, Rhopalopsole singiplatta Yang & Du, sp. nov., is established based on morphological and molecular data. In addition, we used modern tree- and genetic distance-based phylogenetic methods to positively associate females with males for six species in total.

A new species, Claassenia qingzanga Xiang, Huo & Du, sp. nov. is described from Tibet and Qinghai Province of western China, this is the first record of Claassenia in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Males of the new species are brachypterous, the apex of the aedeagus with tiny spines dorsally and with dense protrusion laterally. The new species is compared to all regional Claassenia.

Recently, we reviewed the specimens of the genus Rhopalopsole Klapálek, 1912 we have collected and checked the holotype and paratypes of Rhopalopsole duyuzhoui Sivec & Harper, 2008. We present morphological evidence that R. duyuzhoui is a junior synonym of Rhopalopsole basinigra Yang & Yang, 1995, and that R. basiningra is a new distribution record to Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Additionally, a new species of this genus from Guizhou Province, Rhopalopsole dicondylica Yang & Du, sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species is compared to the similar species of this genus.

We recently examined specimens of the Rhopalopsole from Hubei, Ningxia and Shaanxi, China and three new synonyms of Rhopalopsole sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993 are established: Rhopalopsole furcata Yang & Yang, 1994, Rhopalopsole hongpingana Sivec & Harper, 2008 and Rhopalopsole ningxiana Li & Yang, 2010 are synonymized with Rhopalopsole sinensis Yang & Yang, 1993. We also place Rhopalopsole furcospina (Wu, 1973) as a nomen dubium. Long hairs on the antennae of R. sinensis thought to be diagnostic also occur on Rhopalopsole ampulla Du & Qian, 2011, Rhopalopsole exiguspina Du & Qian, 2011, and Rhopalopsole memorabilis Qian & Du, 2014. We provide new images of several species to facilitate identification.

Three new species of Sinacroneuria Yang & Yang, 1995, Sinacroneuria parallela Xiang & Du, sp. nov., Sinacroneuria complana Xiang & Du, sp. nov. and Sinacroneuria longiprojecta Du & Huo sp. nov., from Zhejiang Province of southeastern China are described and illustrated. A list and provisional key to Sinacroneuria males of Zhejiang Province are also presented.

After reexamining the syntype series of Perlodinella kozlovi Klapálek, 1912, a new species of Perlodinella, P. tibetensis Huo & Du sp. nov. is proposed, and a lectotype is designated for P. kozlovi. Another monotypic genus of Perlodidae, Rauserodes Zwick (1999), is considered as a synonym of Perlodinella in this paper.

We examined specimens of the Haploperla Navás, 1934 from Sichuan and Qinghai provinces, China. Two new synonyms of Haploperla valentinae Stark & Sivec, 2009 are established: Haploperla triangulata Chen & Du, 2016 syn. nov. and Haploperla datongensis Chen & Du, 2016 syn. nov. We redescribed H. valentinae from China with new color images to facilitate the identification. In addition, we also provide supplementary descriptions and contemporary color images of H. tuanjiena Du & Chen, 2016.

Two new species of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province of southeastern China, Rhopalopsole wuyishanensis sp. nov. and Rhopalopsole trichotoma sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The new species are compared to the closely related species of the R. dentata group and the R. shaanxiensis group in this genus, respectively.

The identity of Neoperla sinensis Chu, 1928 is confirmed in this paper. Two new species of Neoperla, N. huangshana Huo, Du & Zhu, sp. nov. and N. pangi Huo, Du & Zhu, sp. nov. are proposed from Anhui Province, southeast China, closely related to N. sinensis. Neoperla anjiensis Yang & Yang, 1998 is newly recorded in Anhui Province.

A new whitefly species, Dialeurodes (Gigaleurodes) parakmeriae Wang sp. nov., collected on Parakmeria sp. (Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae) in Shuangxikou (Zhejiang, China) is described using morphology, line illustrations, photographs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. In addition, Dialeurodes (Gigaleurodes) maxima Quaintance & Baker, is reported as new to the fauna of China. An identification key to Chinese Dialeurodes (Gigaleurodes) species is provided. The holotype is deposited in the Insect Collection of Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University (ZAFU).

A new species of the nemourid genus Sphaeronemoura, S. tetragona Du & Zhao, sp. nov. is described from Hunan Province of southeastern China. The new species is illustrated and compared to the other similar species of this genus. Additional illustrations and records for S. songshana Li & Yang, 2009, S. multicurvata Li, Li & Yang, 2020, and S. grandicauda (Wu, 1973) are also provided.

Two new species of Sinacroneuria, S. huzhengkuni Du & Huo and S. lii Huo & Du from Guizhou Province of southwestern China are described including color images.

Three species of the family Perlodidae are newly reported or confirmed for China, Isoperla asiatica Raušer from Arxan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Isoperla eximia Zapekina-Dulkeit from Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, and Mesoperlina capnoptera (McLachlan, 1886) from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Based on new material, additional taxonomic notes and images of another perlodid stonefly, Rauserodes epiproctalis (Zwick, 1997) is provided.

A new nemourid species, Protonemura longispina sp. nov. from Sichuan Province of southwestern China is described. The outer lobe of the paraprocts with numerous long spines and the basal portion divided into two lobes, distinguishes the new species from all congeners. New images of three other species, P. bidigitata Du & Wang, P. biintrans Li & Yang, and P. macrodactyla Du & Zhou are given. Additionally, a key to the adult males of Protonemura known from China is provided.

Cerconychia Klapálek, 1913 is a genus of the Asian family Styloperlidae that is included in the superfamily Pteronarcyoidea. The genus currently includes five species that mainly occur southern and northwestern China, with one species also found in Vietnam. We recently examined specimens from Yunnan, Hainan, and Taiwan provinces, China and determined them as C. flectospina Wu 1962, C. sinensis Yang & Yang, 1995, and C brunnea Klapálek, 1913. We place Cerconychia sapa Stark & Sivec, 2007 as a junior subjective synonym of C. flectospina. We provide new images of the three species to facilitate identification.