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Bubalopa Stål, 1869 (Darninae: Hyphinoini) is an obscure genus of treehoppers endemic to the Northern Andes. In this work, we reassess the taxonomic boundaries of Bubalopa based on primary types and comparative material. Newly reported characters from adults and nymphs expand the current concept of Hyphinoini, for which an amended diagnosis is presented. Identification keys, species redescriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps are provided for the three species that now constitute Bubalopa: B. furcata (Fairmaire, 1846), B. obscuricornis Stål, 1869 and B. iguaque sp. nov. (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Immatures of Hyphinoe obliqua (Walker, 1858) and B. furcata are described for the first time with notes on their life history. A nomenclatural change is proposed for Hyphinoe punctorum Buckton, 1903, previously included in Bubalopa, now considered to be a junior synonym of Eualthe punctum (Fairmaire, 1846). A lectotype is designated for Hemiptycha furcata Fairmaire, 1846, currently housed at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien.

The Phalangopsidae crickets (Grylloidea) of the Seychelles are examined following extensive field sampling on several main islands of the archipelago (Mahé, Silhouette, Praslin, La Digue). Despite the small area of these islands, six genera (12 species) are documented, including one new genus and five new species. The type species of the genus Seychellesia Bolivar, 1912 is transferred to the genus Paragryllodes Karny, 1909 as Paragryllodes nitidula (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. The other species described in Seychellesia are transferred to the genus Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., as Seselia longicercata (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. and Seselia patellifera (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. Two new species are also described in the genus Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., Seselia coccofessei Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. (type species of the genus) and Seselia matyoti Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. The genera Phaeogryllus Bolivar, 1912 and Phalangacris Bolivar, 1895 are redescribed, including Phalangacris ferlegro Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. and Phalangacris sotsote Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. that are new to science. The genus Gryllapterus Bolivar, 1912 is redescribed and transferred from the Landrevinae (Gryllidae) to the Cachoplistinae (Phalangopsidae). New tribes are defined for the genus Paragryllodes (Paragryllodini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribe) on the one hand, and for Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., Phalangacris, Phaeogryllus and Gryllapterus (Seselini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribe) on the other, using morphological characters and the results of molecular phylogenetic studies (Warren et al. 2019). Phaloria (Papuloria) insularis (Bolivar, 1912) (Phaloriinae) is redescribed and restricted to Mahé, and its calling song is documented for the first time, while Phaloria (Papuloria) bolivari Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. is newly described from Silhouette. Identification keys are proposed for the genera of Seselini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribe, and for the species of Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen. and Phalangacris. The confusion between the Mogoplistidae Ornebius succineus Bolivar, 1912 and the Phalangopsidae Heterotrypus succineus Bolivar, 1910 is discussed, and the name Subtiloria succineus (Bolivar, 1912) considered a nomen nudum.; Les grillons Phalangopsidae (Grylloidea) des Seychelles sont étudiés sur la base d'un échantillonnage intensif sur plusieurs îles principales de l'archipel (Mahé, Silhouette, Praslin, La Digue). Malgré la petite taille de ces îles, six genres (12 espèces) sont documentés, dont un genre nouveau et cinq espèces nouvelles. L'espèce type du genre Seychellesia Bolivar, 1912 est transférée dans le genre Paragryllodes Karny, 1909 en tant que Paragryllodes nitidula (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. Les autres espèces décrites dans Seychellesia sont transférées dans le genre Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., en tant que Seselia longicercata (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. et Seselia patellifera (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. Le genre Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen. comprend d'autre part Seselia coccofessei Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. (espèce type du genre) et Seselia matyoti Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. Les genres Phaeogryllus Bolivar, 1912 et Phalangacris Bolivar, 1895 sont redécrits, Phalangacris ferlegro Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.et Phalangacris sotsote Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. sont nouveaux pour la science. Le genre Gryllapterus Bolivar, 1912 est redécrit et transféré des Landrevinae (Gryllidae) aux Cachoplistinae (Phalangopsidae). Des tribus nouvelles sont définies pour le genre Paragryllodes (Paragryllodini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribu) d'une part, et pour Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., Phalangacris, Phaeogryllus et Gryllapterus (Seselini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribu) d'autre part, sur la base de la morphologie et des données de phylogénie moléculaire (Warren et al. 2019). Phaloria (Papuloria) insularis (Bolivar, 1912) (Phaloriinae) est finalement redécrite de Mahé, et son chant d'appel documenté pour la première fois, tandis que Phaloria (Papuloria) bolivari Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. est nouvellement décrite de Silhouette. Des clés d'identification sont proposées pour les genres de Seselini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribu, ainsi que pour les espèces de Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen. et Phalangacris. La confusion entre Ornebius succineus Bolivar, 1912 (Mogoplistidae) et Heterotrypus succineus Bolivar, 1910 (Phalangopsidae) est discutée, et le nom Subtiloria succineus (Bolivar, 1912) considéré comme un nomen nudum.

A new species of the genus Pseudochydorus Fryer, 1968 is described from Central Mexico. P. margaritalfonsorum sp. nov. differs from the Old World species of the genus, P. globosus (Baird, 1843) and P. bopingi Sinev, Garibian & Gu, 2016 in the morphology of thoracic limbs I–III. Analysis of existing literature data on distribution and morphology of Pseudochydorus in America suggest than P. margaritalfonsorum sp. nov. is an endemic of Central Mexican Plateau, and at least two more species of the genus are present in other regions of America.

We describe a new species of nurse-frog (Aromobatidae, Allobates) from the Amazonian forest of Loreto, Peru using morphological, acoustic and genetic data. Our phylogenetic analysis placed Allobates sieggreenae sp. nov. as the sister species of A. trilineatus, the most similar-looking species and with which it was previously confused. However, the new species has a brown dorsum, solid dark brown lateral dark stripe not fading towards groin, adult males with few and sparse melanophores over a cream background on chin, chest, and belly, dark transverse bars absent on thighs, and an advertisement call formed by a trill of single notes (in A. trilineatus dorsum dark brown, blackish brown lateral dark stripe, paler from mid-body to groin, adult males with a dark background color on chin, chest, and belly due to a dense layer of melanophores, dark transverse bar present on dorsal surface of thighs, and trills of paired notes). Allobates sieggreenae is known from two localities of Amazonian white-sand forest ecosystems east of the Ucayali River.

We address the phylogenetic relationships of pimoid spiders (Pimoidae) using a standard target-gene approach with an extensive taxonomic sample, which includes representatives of the four currently recognized pimoid genera, 26 linyphiid genera, a sample of Physoglenidae, Cyatholipidae and one Tetragnathidae species. We test the monophyly of Pimoidae and Linyphiidae and explore the biogeographic history of the group. Nanoa Hormiga, Buckle and Scharff, 2005 and Pimoa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1943 form a clade which is the sister group of a lineage that includes all Linyphiidae, Weintrauboa Hormiga, 2003 and Putaoa Hormiga and Tu, 2008. Weintrauboa, Putaoa, Pecado and Stemonyphantes form a clade (Stemonyphantinae) sister to all remaining linyphiids. We use the resulting optimal molecular phylogenetic tree to assess hypotheses on the male palp sclerite homologies of pimoids and linyphiids. Pimoidae is redelimited to only include Pimoa and Nanoa. We formalize the transfer from Pimoidae of the genera Weintrauboa and Putaoa to Linyphiidae, re-circumscribe the linyphiid subfamily Stemonyphantinae, and offer revised morphological diagnoses for Pimoidae and Linyphiidae.

A new species of natricine snake of the genus Rhabdophis is described from Northeast India. Morphologically the new species is similar to Rhabdophis himalayanus but it can be distinguished from it by lacking a nuchal groove and nuchal glands, being relatively smaller, and having a distinct neck, ventral, and subcaudal coloration. In overall coloration it resembles R. chrysargos, from which it is distinguished by several aspects of its morphology and genetic differences. The discovery of Rhabdophis bindi sp. nov. reveals that forested regions in the northeastern part of India needs further biological exploration.

The species of Pentatomidae known to occur north of Mexico, comprising 223 species in 68 genera, are enumerated with taxonomic notes and updated and annotated distributions. Included in this update are 126 new state records reported for 62 pentatomid species in 30 genera. The copious annotations in these distributions and attendant bibliography serve as an extensive compilation of overlooked references that might contain distributional records for other insect, especially heteropteran, species.

The genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 currently contains 11 species, all occurring in the shallow waters and on the continental shelf of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Recent expeditions in these oceans have resulted in the collection of numerous new specimens in need of analysis. We have studied this material using an integrative approach analysing both morphological and molecular (COI and 16S) characters. We describe 41 new species and resurrect three old names: P. integrus (Benedict, 1902) and P. lenzi (Rathbun, 1907), previously synonymized with P. pusillus (Henderson, 1885), and P. serrirostris (Melin, 1939), previously synonymized with P. integrirostris (Dana, 1852). Most species of the genus are described and illustrated. Some species are barely discernible on the basis of morphological characters but are highly divergent genetically. Species of Phylladiorhynchus are mainly distinguishable by the number of epigastric spines and lateral spines of the carapace, the shape and the armature of the rostrum, the number and pattern of the ridges on the carapace and pleon, the shape of thoracic sternite 3 and the armature of the P2–4 dactyli. A dichotomous identification key to all species is provided.

Iza-Campos, Giulia, Penteado-Dias, Angélica (2021): The rare genus Therophilus Wesmael (Braconidae: Agathidinae) in Brazil with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5005 (4): 596-600, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.7

A new species of freshwater anomuran crab, Aegla buenoi n. sp., is described. The new taxon was collected from two streams within the Cinzas River basin, Paraná state, Brazil. We used morphological and molecular data (COI mtDNA) to distinguish the new species from its congeners. Aegla buenoi n. sp. is differentiated by morphological diagnostic features of the cephalothorax, chelipeds, second abdominal epimeron, and uropods. Molecular results confirm the separation of A. buenoi n. sp. from closely related species (A. castro Schmitt, 1942, A. lata Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, and A. jacutinga Marçal & Teixeira, 2020). Hence, our study increases the known diversity of aeglids and reports the first species of Aegla from the Cinzas River basin.

Four new Neotropical species of Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae) are described: P. abruptavena sp. n. (Colombia), P. elsalvadorensis sp. n. (El Salvador), P. nessiae sp. n. (Brazil), and P. schusteri sp. n. (Guatemala). Additionally, P. marginata Edwards is redescribed and the male described for the first time. A discussion of Neotropical species-groups is given and three species-groups based on male terminalia are outlined to include the new taxa: the americana-group (7 species), nigra-group (13 species), and xyele-group (2 species).

A new species of the genus Wyeomyia, Wyeomyia (Decamyia) anthica sp. n., is described based on morphological and molecular analyses and is illustrated in larval, pupal and adult life stages. Among the four valid species of the subgenus Decamyia, the new species is closest to Wy. ulocoma (Theobald, 1903), from which it can be distinguished by morphological characters of the male genitalia, larval and pupal stages, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene sequence. Wyeomyia ulocoma is recorded from Brazil for the first time.

We describe a new species of Stoliczkia from Mizoram, India. Stoliczkia vanhnuailianai sp. nov. is identified as a member of the genus Stoliczkia by distinct scale arrangements on the posterior of the head, and by scales on the body being separated by scaleless skin, and it differs from the two known congeners in body and head scalation. This is only the third specimen of Stoliczkia collected from India, and the sixth reported specimen for the genus. A revised key to the identification of the species of Stoliczkia is provided.

Este artículo contiene 31 páginas, 19 figuras, 3 tablas., The morphological reexamination of specimens previously identified as Laonice bahusiensis Söderström, 1920 from North European and Mediterranean collections, supported by the molecular analysis of freshly collected material, enabled the recognition of four different species in the region: the genuine L. bahusiensis, L. irinae n. sp. from North European waters, and L. grimaldii n. sp. and L. mediterranea n. sp. from the Mediterranean Sea. The morphology of these species is described and illustrated, and their distributions are clarified based on old and new materials. A key for their identification is also provided. The Bayesian analysis of the COI sequences (483 bp) showed that these four species form a clade, namely the L. bahusiensis species complex, morphologically characterized by the continuous dorsal crests on postbranchiate chaetigers in the adults. The genetic p-distances between the species of the complex ranged from 13.27% to 17.99%, while the intraspecific variability ranged from 0.6% to 1.57%. Together with the sister species Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851), the L. bahusiensis complex formed the Laonice (Laonice) clade, which is morphologically characterized by the prostomium fused with the anterior peristomial margin. However, the monophyly of the L. bahusiensis complex, as well as that of the clade Laonice (Laonice), needs to be further supported through the analysis of a greater set of genes from a larger number of species.

The aim of this work was to demonstrate that the Leistus (Leistus) constrictus Schaufuss 1862 populations from Sierra de Ayllón belong to a new sibling species of the true L. (L.) constrictus from Sierra de Guadarrama. We describe Leistus (Leistus) elpis sp. nov. The species were separated by the study of external morphology of qualitative characters, especially male genitalia, and quantitative characters (morphometric analysis). In L. (L.) constrictus the apical lamina of the aedeagus appears to be a long gutter flanked by lateral ridges with an open truncation in its anterior part; in L. (L.) elpis sp. nov. the apical lamina is completely ridged, even in the anterior part, forming a kind of labial thickening, enclosing the median lobe, and giving the apex a clearly closed and pointed outline. It is not possible, or very difficult, to distinguish between females of L. (L.) constrictus and females of L. (L.) elpis sp. nov., based on their external anatomy as they are practically identical. The female genitalia do not offer taxonomic information for discriminating between the species using the genital armour or the structure of the spermathecal complex. However, subtle differences were found through morphometric analysis, as well as for males of both species. Field surveys suggest that the pass Puerto de Somosierra is the geographical barrier that has led to this allopatric speciation.

The purpose of our contribution is to propose a robust and practical order-level classification of the families of Oligochaeta, that is, non-leech Clitellata. The order level is mandatory in Linnaean rank-based classification and is also required in many internet-based biodiversity databases. However, it has received little attention in oligochaete systematics, and the few available order-level classifications of Oligochaeta no longer represent phylogenetic relationships adequately. Our proposal is based on corroborated molecular phylogenetic evidence and takes as benchmarks class level for Clitellata, subclass level for Oligochaeta and Hirudinea, and order level for Crassiclitellata, the monophylum that includes most of the earthworm taxa. As a result, eleven orders are proposed: Alluroidida Timm & Martin, 2015; Capilloventrida Timm, n. ordo; Crassiclitellata Jamieson, 1988; Enchytraeida Kasprzak, 1984; Haplotaxida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Lumbriculida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Moniligastrida Brinkhurst & Jamieson, 1971; Narapida Timm, n. ordo; Parvidrilida Timm, n. ordo; Randiellida Jamieson, 1988; Tubificida Jamieson, 1978. This order-level classification is robust and easily adaptable to future insights into phylogenetic relationships.

Four species of Teuchothrips are recognised as endemic to New Caledonia and distinct from the many species of this genus in Australia. Three of these species are shown to have a variable number of sense cones on antennal segment IV, in contrast to most recorded species in the Liothrips-lineage. One endemic species is removed from Teuchothrips and considered here as Neocecidothrips pacificus (Bianchi) comb.n. together with illustrations and diagnostic notes. A key is provided for the four Teuchothrips species known from New Caledonia.

Four species of phlaeothripines are newly recorded and illustrated from New Caledonia: Adraneothrips moundi n. sp., Baenothrips cf. cuneatus Zhao & Tong, Leichhardtithrips evanidus Tree & Mound and Sophiothrips typicus (Ananthakrishnan). The male of L. evanidus is recorded for the first time.

The genus Amicta Heylaerts, 1881 is revised on the basis of morphological and molecular studies. It is shown that, in addition to the already known taxa, there are three others that had previously remained unknown and are therefore described here as Amicta lutensis sp. nov., Amicta bouhedmaensis sp. nov. and Amicta chambiana sp. nov. Furthermore, the status of three more taxa is discussed and all three are raised to species rank: Amicta nigrescens Staudinger, 1900 stat. rev., Amicta acutella Krüger, 1931 stat. rev. and Amicta arabica (Wiltshire, 1949) stat. rev. It has also been shown that the genus Hyalopteronia Solyanikov, 2002 syn. nov. is synonymous with Amicta Heylaerts, 1881. The type species Hyalopteronia davarica Solyanikov, 2002 is recombined and placed with Amicta: Amicta davarica (Solyanikov, 2002) comb. nov., and Amicta syrtana Krüger, 1939 syn. nov. regarded as junior synonym of A. murina Krüger 1939. The results of this study give an overview of the systematics and distribution of the genus Amicta (with the exception of the species from the Canary Islands).

Amphoriscus is the type genus of the family Amphoriscidae. Since its nomination in the 19th century, its diagnosis has undergone significant changes. Most of the species currently assigned to Amphoriscus have only been reported once, when they were first described. Furthermore, unlike other Amphoriscidae genera, new Amphoriscus species are not commonly described. Therefore, the understanding of the diversity, distribution, and morphology of the genus remains fragmented, a lacuna that is being filled slowly. In this study, several species were revisited by the redescription of type and/or additional specimens. This results in considerable advances, including changes in the geographical distribution of A. cylindrus and A. chrysalis, a proposal of reallocation of A. dohrni in Leuconia, recognition of A. gastrorhabdifera as incertae sedis, a detailed description of the type species based on a set of specimens and, finally, the description of a new species, A. decennis sp. nov.

The Eastern Hemisphere genus Centroptella Braasch & Soldán 1980 (s. l.) is divided into three subgenera, the subgenus Centroptella s. str., the subgenus Crassolus Salles et al. 2016 and the subgenus Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987. Among them, Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus are more closely related one to another than to Chopralla, that in the hierarchical nomenclature can be expressed as the following: Centroptella/g1 {Chopralla + Centroptella/g2 {Crassolus + Centroptella/g3}}. The subgenus Centroptella s. str. is distributed in the Oriental Region and Australia; it includes the following species: Centroptella (s. str.) longisetosa Braasch & Soldán 1980 with a new subspecies C. longisetosa cinerea subsp. n. (described here from southern India based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) femorata sp. n. (described here from Lombok Island based on larva, subimago and male imago associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) soldani Müller-Liebenau 1983 (known from Sri Lanka and redescribed here based on larvae, female subimagines and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) ornatipes sp. n. (described here from southern India based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) breviseta sp. n. (described here from New Guinea based on larvae, subimagines, female imagines and eggs associated by rearing); C. (s. str.) illiesi (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1998) (known from Australia and redescribed here based on non-reared larvae, subimagines and imagines); C. (s. str.) fustipalpus (Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1998) (known from Australia as larvae only); C. (s. str.) quadrata Shi & Tong 2019 (known from China as larvae only); C. (s. str.) sp. cf. quadrata (reported here from Borneo based on male and female larvae ready to molt to subimago); C. (s. str.) ovata Shi & Tong 2019 (known from China as larvae only); and C. (s. str.?) papilionodes Marle et al. 2016 (known from Borneo as larvae only). The subgenus Crassolus is distributed in the Afrotropical Region, Oriental Region and southern Palaearctic Region; it includes the following species: Centroptella (Crassolus) inzingae (Crass 1947) (known from South Africa as larvae and imagines); C. (Crassolus) saxophila (Agnew 1961) (known from South Africa and redescribed here based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Crassolus) ludmilae sp. n. (described here from Tanzania based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing), C. (Crassolus) ingridae Kluge et al. 2020 (known from Indochina and here redescribed based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing), C. (Crassolus) pontica (Sroka et al. 2019) (known from Turkey as larvae only); C. (Crassolus?) bifida (Shi & Tong 2019) (known from China as larvae only); C. (Crassolus?) sp. «Nepal» (reported here from Nepal based on larva. The subgenus Chopralla is distributed in the Oriental Region; it includes the following species: Centroptella (Chopralla) ceylonensis Müller-Liebenau 1983 (= C. similis Müller-Liebenau 1983 syn. n.) (known from southern India and Sri Lanka and redescribed here based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) ghatensis sp. n. (described here from southern India based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) rufostriata sp. n. (described here from Lombok Island based on larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) papuanica sp. n. (described here from New Guinea based on larvae, subimagines, female imagines and eggs associated by rearing); C. (Chopralla) pusilla Müller-Liebenau 1984 (known from Borneo and redescribed here based on male larvae ready to molt to subimago); C. (Chopralla) kangi sp. n. (described here from Borneo based on male and female larvae ready to molt to subimago); C. (Chopralla) colorata Soldán et al. 1987 [= C. fusina (Tong & Dudgeon 2003) syn. n.] (known from Vietnam and China as larvae and imagines associated by rearing); and C. (Chopralla) bintang Marle et al. 2016 (known from Borneo as larvae only).

Here, we describe four new species of Crellidae Dendy, 1922 and discuss characters and relationships from published molecular phylogenies including crellid sponges. New species proposed are Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov., from southern Chile (15 m depth), C. (P.) desventuradae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Zapata-Hernández & Hajdu, sp. nov., from Desventuradas Archipelago (10–20 m depth), Crella (P.) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson & Hajdu, sp. nov., from deep waters off Argentina (750 m depth) and Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu, sp. nov., from the Chilean fjords region (ca. 20 m depth). These new species are set apart from each other and from known species mainly due to aspects of their spiculation. Chelae microscleres and acanthostyles supply characters that might be used to infer phylogenetic relationships and to verify the monophyly of Crella Gray, 1867 and Crellidae, which has seemingly been contradicted by preliminary molecular data available in the systematics’ literature. Our own interpretation of phylogenetic affinities, in the light of morphological characters from previous taxonomic studies, argues for a classification reassessment of materials (vouchers) included in these molecular phylogenies, especially in the case of Crella incrustans (Carter, 1885). We argue that currently available molecular phylogenetic outcomes for crellid sponges are not supportive of the polyphyly of Crella and Crellidae.

The genus Hissarica Viidalepp (Geometridae, Geometrinae) is restored from synonymy with Xenochlorodes Warren. The moths and their male and female genitalia are illustrated and characterized in comparison with those of Hierochthonia Prout and Xenochlorodes. Taxonomic positions of “Hierochthonia” alexandraria Prout and Eucrostes petitaria Christoph are discussed and the new genus Ratsa Viidalepp & Kostjuk gen. nov. is established for them, creating the new combinations Ratsa alexandraria Prout and Ratsa petitaria Christoph.

John Wells was born in Hammersmith, a district in west London, where he spent most of his childhood and teenage life. It was a surprise to find out only recently that he had received a scholarship to Latymer Upper School on King Street which is literally one block away from where I used to live when I started working at the Natural History Museum in the early 1990s. The site has a long history and can be traced to a charity school founded in 1624 by the English merchant Edward Latymer, a wealthy lawyer and puritan, who left part of his wealth for the clothing and education of “eight poore boyes” from Hammersmith.

Two new species (Spininola yongdingensis and Spininola qianfengensis spp. nov.) are described; Spininola denticulata (Moore, 1888) is reported from China for the first time. Adults and genitalia of new species are illustrated.

Four new genera, six new species and one new subspecies of the brentid subfamily Apioninae are described from the Republic of South Africa (R.S.A.), all representing ancient fauna with Gondwanan roots. The new genera are: Rhynchitapion gen. n., with Rh. variiforme sp. n. (the type-species) and Rh. pallidum sp. n., Apodytapion gen. n., with A. stepniewskii sp. n., Turnerapion gen. n., with T. pondoense sp. n., and Lepanomidius gen. n., with L. ruthmuellerae sp. n. (the type-species) and L. magdaloides sp. n. The primitive genus Lepanomus Balfour-Browne is re-described and a new subspecies of its type species, Lepanomus crinalis zuluensis ssp. n., is described from north-eastern R.S.A. In addition, Rhynchitapion usambarense sp. n. is described from Tanzania. An identification key to all 12 basal genera of South African Apioninae is presented and their higher systematics is discussed. Three new tribes are proposed in South African Apioninae: Rhynchitapiini trib. n., Apodytapiini trib. n., and Lepanomini trib. n., in addition to the existing basal Antliarhinini Schoenherr, 1823, Tanaini Schoenherr, 1839, Mecolenini Wanat, 2001, Apiomorphini Legalov, 2018, Setapiini Legalov, 2018, and derived Apionini Schoenherr, 1823. A temporary resignation from supertribal division of the subfamily is recommended after discussion.

Early studies during the 1990’s supported a close relationship between the genera Paralaophonte and Loureirophonte. Subsequent studies carried out during the first decade of the 2000’s suggested the monophyly of the latter and that it could be nested within Paralaophonte, rendering the latter paraphyletic. However, efforts to synonymize these two genera were hampered by the lack of phylogenetic analyses at the species level. Here we describe a new species of Paralaophonte from north-western Mexico, P. ullama sp. nov., and we formally synonymize Loureirophonte with Paralaophonte for which we propose two monophyletic subgenera, Pa. (Paralaophonte) and Pa. (Loureirophonte). The detection of the species most closely related to P. ullama sp. nov. is controversial. Our Bayesian analysis indicates that the new species might be related to Pa. (Pa.) gurneyi, and to Pa. (Pa.) ormieresi and Pa. (Pa.) septemarticulata, with which they form a larger clade supported by a very low Bayesian Posterior Probability value. However, the precise nature of the relationship between the new species and Pa. (Pa.) gurneyi is hampered by the gap in our knowledge of the armature formulae of the swimming legs of the latter, and by the lack of the male of the new species. On the other hand, the new species share several characters with Pa. (Pa.) problematica, Pa. (Pa.) pacificavicinum, Pa. (Pa.) pacificaemulator, and Pa. (Pa.) pacifica, with which it might be related. Our Bayesian analysis of forty-two morphological characters at the species level confirmed earlier suspicions about the relationships between Paralaophonte and Loureirophonte, the latter being nested within the former, and showed the monophyly of the Paralaophonte-Loureirophonte clade with high Bayesian Posterior Probability value, thus confirming the synonymy of these genera. The Paralaophonte-Loureirophonte clade is defined by the synapomorphic dimorphism in the second endopodal segment of the second swimming leg of the male. We did not detect any (aut)apomorphy for Pa. (Paralaophonte). Paralaophonte (Loureirophonte) is defined by the presence of one seta only on the second endopodal segment of the second swimming leg, and the one-segmented endopod of the fourth swimming leg.

The South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) are reviewed. In this work, 10 valid species and two subspecies are recognized for the genus. Among these species, five are recorded in South America, including three new species: P. perplexus (LeConte, 1847), P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847), P. vazdemelloi new species, P. pantanensis new species, and P. chaquensis new species. A lectotype is designated for P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847). In this revision, each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, an identification key for the South American species, a diagnosis, descriptions, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of examined material, and geographic distribution.

Two morphologically distinct new species of Nanhaipotamon Bott, 1968, are described from Huizhou, Guangdong Province, southern China. The smooth carapace and lack of flagellum on the third maxilliped exopod immediately separate N. incendium n. sp. from all other known Nanhaipotamon. It is also the first species of this genus to be recorded from a relatively high altitude of 700 m a.s.l. Nanhaipotamon aureomarginatum n. sp. is externally much more typical of species of its genus but can be distinguished from congeners by its unique male first gonopod. The two new species are more or less sympatric with a morphological disparate congener, which we tentatively assign as N. aff. aculatum Dai, 1997 and N. aff. hongkongense (Shen, 1940), respectively, but with different habitats. A genetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I shows that while the two new species are sufficiently distinct from other known species of Nanhaipotamon, they have extraordinarily close relationships with their respective sympatric congeners, which calls for further investigation. The ecology of these two new species are also noted.

The Triatoma phyllosoma species group includes 17 species of kissing bugs, most of them implicated in the transmission of Chagas disease in the Americas. The species of this group are T. bassolsae Alejandre-Aguilar, Nogueda-Torres, Cortéz-Jímenez, Jurberg, Galvão & Carcavallo, 1999, T. brailovskyi Martínez, Carcavallo & Pelaez, 1984, T. dimidiata (Latreille, 1811), T. gerstaeckeri (Stål, 1859), T. gomeznunezi Martínez, Carcavallo & Juberg, 1994, T. hegneri Mazzotti, 1940, T. huehuetenanguensis Lima-Cordón, Monroy, Stevens, Rodas, Rodas, Dorn & Justi, 2019, T. indictiva Neiva, 1912, T. longipennis Usinger, 1939, T. mazzottii Usinger, 1941, T. mexicana (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1848), T. mopan Dorn, Justi, Dale, Stevens, Galvão, Lima-Cordón & Monroy, 2018, T. pallidipennis (Stål, 1872), T. phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835), T. picturata Usinger, 1939, T. recurva (Stål, 1868), and T. sanguisuga (LeConte, 1855). The validity of some species of the group was uncertain, because of both cryptic species and hybrid occurrence. Species exhibiting these particularities were formerly classified in the T. dimidiata and T. phyllosoma complexes. Although we recognize the historical value of these species complexes, we do not recommend their further use. Instead, we recognize the T. phyllosoma species group here reviewed, considering the current knowledge of the systematics and reproductive behavior of the group. We implement the cohesion species concept, validating the species status of T. bassolsae, T. longipennis, T. mazzottii, T. pallidipennis, T. phyllosoma, and T. picturata. We also provide diagnoses, photographs and a taxonomic key including the recently described species.

Bush-crickets (or katydids) of the genus Mecopoda are relatively large insects well-known for their sounds for centuries. Bioacoustic studies in India and China revealed a surprisingly large diversity of sound patterns. We extend these studies into the tropics of South East Asia using integrative taxonomy, combining song analysis, morphology of sound producing organs and male genitalia as well as chromosomes, to get a better understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of this widespread group. Besides the closely related genus Eumecopoda, the genus Mecopoda contains some isolated species and a large group of species which we assign to the Mecopoda elongata group. Some species of this group have broad tegmina and stridulatory files with different tooth spacing patterns and produce continuous, often relatively complicated, trill-like songs. The species of another subgroup with narrower wings have all similar files. Their songs consist of echemes (groups of syllables) which differ in syllable number and syllable repetition rate and also in echeme repetition rate. Our results show that South East Asia harbours a large and certainly not yet fully explored number of Mecopoda species which are most easily and clearly identified by song. Based on the data, five new forms are described: Mecopoda mahindai Heller sp. nov., Mecopoda paucidens Ingrisch, Su & Heller sp. nov., Mecopoda sismondoi Heller sp. nov., Mecopoda niponensis vietnamica Heller & Korsunovskaya subsp. nov., Eumecopoda cyrtoscelis zhantievi Heller subsp. nov. In addition, some taxonomic changes are proposed: Eumecopoda Hebard, 1922 stat. rev., Paramecopoda Gorochov, 2020, syn. nov. of Eumecopoda Hebard, 1922, Mecopoda javana (Johansson, 1763) stat. nov. (neotype selected) with M. javana minahasa Gorochov, 2020 stat. nov., M. javana darevskyi Gorochov, 2020 stat. nov., M. javana buru Gorochov, 2020 stat. nov., Mecopoda macassariensis (Haan, 1843) stat. rev., Mecopoda ampla malayensis Gorochov, 2020 syn. nov., Mecopada ampla javaensis Gorochov, 2020 syn. nov., Mecopoda fallax aequatorialis Gorochov, 2020 syn. nov., the last three are all synonyms of Mecopoda himalaya Liu, 2020, Mecopoda yunnana Liu 2020, stat. nov.

According to a large morphological dataset of specimens from Turkey to Iran and based on several morphological analyses, the Iranian populations of the skink Heremites vittatus are separated from other populations of this taxon in Turkey. The values of most of morphological characters were higher in the Turkish populations. Morphological variation among populations of H. vittatus (Olivier, 1804) from Turkey and the western slopes of the Zagros Mountains in Kermanshah province in Iran may be the result of different dispersal and vicariance events. Comparison the current study dataset with specimens from Egypt can definite the taxonomic status of Iranian and Turkish populations.

A new, and only the third known species of the Neotropical montane genus Oressinoma Doubleday is described—O. sorina n. sp., from the Andes of central Peru. It is distinguishable immediately from the other two congeners by the shape of the hindwing underside submarginal orange band, and by the male genitalia. The systematics of Oressinoma are reviewed. A preliminary analysis is carried out based on COI barcode confirming the separate specific status of O. sorina n. sp. in relation to other two congeners. Both barcode and genital morphology data suggest that the widespread O. typhla Doubleday may be a complex of allopatric or, locally parapatric species. The genus Oressinoma is the only neotropical member of the predominantly Australian subtribe Coenonymphina, represented in the entire Holarctic by one genus only—Coenonympha Hübner, considered as the putative sister-genus of Oressinoma. Their origins and relationships are briefly discussed.

An annotated catalogue of the genus Elathous Reitter, 1890 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae) is presented. There are 48 species classified in the genus, of which seven are from the Nearctic realm, 39 from the West Palearctic from Morocco to Iran, and two from Japan. For each taxon we provide synonyms, information on type material, type locality, distribution, and bibliography.

Hemigrammocypris neglecta is a small-sized cyprinid fish that is endemic to Japan and the sole member of the genus Hemigrammocypris. We examined the osteological features of the species, and its relationships with related genera are discussed. The present data suggest that H. neglecta is most likely the sister taxon of Metzia lineata. This relationship is supported by one possible synapomorphy: the presence of a postepiphysial fontanelle, which is absent in all other Xenocypridinae.

Two new species of Homidia are described from Eastern China: H. hangzhouensis sp. nov. and H. wanensis sp. nov. The former is characterised by smooth chaetae e and l1 on labial base, two irregular transverse stripes on Abd. IV, absence of blue pigment on Ant. I−II and Abd. I−II and presence on Ant. III−IV, 7−9 macrochaetae on Abd. IV posteriorly and 24−34 smooth inner spines on dens. The latter can be identified by reduced blue body pigment, smooth chaeta e on labial base and having some posterior labial chaetae modified, appearing leaflike, 8−9 macrochaetae on Abd. IV posteriorly and 83 smooth inner spines on dens.

We present a proposal on the standards used on ootaxonomy practices and techniques in the butterfly family Pieridae Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) in five stages: 1) getting the specimens, 2) integration into a collection, 3) dissections to recover the exochorion, 4) elaboration of images of it, and 5) the preparation of its description with the necessary diagrams and tabulations. Also, we present the detailed techniques applied in observation and graphic representation, based on the methylene blue staining techniques and those required for the use with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). We compare the result of the standardized techniques with those from macro photography, drawings, and photographs with SEM—all of them found in books with descriptions and images of eggs of the Pieridae. We present a glossary and general aspects of the exochorion in the Pieridae as an Appendix to this article. Standardized techniques show more accurate and extensive character retrieval for systematics. For the scale in which they work, these techniques recovered more information than those present from oviposited eggs, where the exochorionic base is not seen. Also, the descriptions contain detailed data on more structures—which are comparable to each other—than are absent in the references mentioned. We present the recovered characters with the techniques found in the literature as three synthetically supplementary materials.

Four new water mite species of the genus Hygrobates, subgenus Lurchibates (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) are described. Hygrobates (Lurchibates) macrochela sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in male and female; Hygrobates (Lurchibates) malosimilis sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in male, both new water mite species were collected from newts of the species Pachytriton inexpectatus Nishikawa, Jiang, Matsui & Mo, 2011; Hygrobates (Lurchibates) incognitus sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in female collected from newts of the species Paramesotriton guangxiensis (Huang, Tang and Tang, 1983); Hygrobates (Lurchibates) fragmentarius sp. nov. Goldschmidt, Nishikawa & Shimano is described in a single severely fragmented specimen (sex could not be determined) collected from a newt of the species Paramesotriton yunwuensis Wu, Jiang, and Hanken, 2010. Principal differences between the subgenus Lurchibates and the nominal subgenus Hygrobates s. str. are illustrated and discussed as well as the sexual dimorphism of Lurchibates. Morphometric analyses confirmed the morphological differences of ten out of the eleven so far described species (H. (L.) fragmentarius could not be included in the analysis); two morphological groups became evident mainly based upon the shape of the anterior coxae. These analyses as well provide an idea of possible phylogenetic relationships among the species. A key to all currently known species of the subgenus Lurchibates is given. So far the subgenus is restricted to SE-Asia, a map showing the distribution of all species is presented.

The genus Orodoris Bergh, 1875 is a small genus that together with Miamira Bergh, 1875, was considered as a junior synonym of Ceratosoma A. Adams & Reeve, 1850. This decision was based on a morphological phylogenetic study conducted in 1999 that recovered the monophyly of the Ceratosoma. However, in 2012, molecular evidences led to the resurrection of Miamira, while Orodoris was retained as a junior synonym of Miamira with no further details. Here we revise the status of the genus Orodoris in light of the rediscovery of M. striata (syn. Orodoris striata Eliot, 1904). Our phylogenetic analysis revealed a close sister relationship between Miamira striata and Miamira miamirana Bergh, 1875 which nested within the Miamira clade. Therefore, to retain the monophyly of Miamira, the genus Orodoris should be maintained as a junior synonym of the former. This study proposes a neotype for M. striata and underscores the importance of reviewing historical taxonomic changes and investigating ancient descriptions prior to describing new taxa. Our study also confirms that Miamira magnifica Eliot, 1910 from the Indian Ocean and Miamira flavicostata Baba, 1940 from the Pacific Ocean represent two distinct, sister species.

In this study we redescribe the taxonomy of some holothuriid species collected from different localities of the Algerian coastal waters. Morphological (anatomical and endoskeletal) and previous molecular studies show the presence of two distinct morphotypes of Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa “A” & “B”. Morphotype “A” corresponds to the classical Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa Gmelin 1791, described by Koehler (1921) and hereafter referred to as H. (H.) tubulosa (s.s.), while morphotype “B”, we believe, represents a new species, herein named H. (Holothuria) algeriensis n. sp. with characteristics significantly different from those of Holothuria (H.) tubulosa (s.s.). Both morphology and statistical analysis (Linear Discriminant Analysis) confirm significant differences between these two morphotypes. To visualize these differences, measurements made on ossicles of Holothuria (H.) tubulosa (s.s.) and Holothuria (H.) algeriensis n. sp. were compared with other species present in our collections, including the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Holothuria (Roweothuria) arguinensis Koehler & Vaney, 1906, recently recorded from Algerian waters, the Mediterranean Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli Delle Chiaje, 1824 and Holothuria (Holothuria) stellati Delle Chiaje, 1824. We conclude that the two morphotypes of H. (H.) tubulosa are significantly different to warrant the recognition of a new species, H. (H.) algeriensis n. sp. and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of the five species demonstrate this.

Hypocerides Schmitz comprises seven species of considerable morphological similarity according to authors that described or reviewed material from the genus. This lack of variation is problematic for its taxonomy as little is known about which structures could be evidence for species recognition or even about which sex is the most informative to its species-level taxonomy. In this study, I examined males and females of the genus from the Neotropical, Nearctic, and Palearctic Regions in search of informative morphological characters for the genus taxonomy. The examination included types of five of the seven known species and new material from the Neotropical Region and Madagascar. I present a detailed description of the genus, illustrate some of its structures for the first time, and compare the morphology of the specimens examined. Few morphological differences were found but none was considered sufficient to infer species limits. This morphological uniformity among species from different biogeographic regions can be seen as evidence that they could all be one species with an almost worldwide distribution. The low morphological variation among Hypocerides species and their apparent wide distributions remain interesting biological questions.

Zootaxa is a mega-journal that since its inception, 20 years ago, has contributed to the documentation of the planet?s biodiversity. Its role concerning terrestrial vertebrates has been crucial especially for amphibians, which are the most threatened class of vertebrates. As current editors of the Amphibia section, we reviewed the state of knowledge of taxonomic publications on amphibians over the last two decades (from 2001 to 2020). Our review reveals that 2,533 frogs, 259 salamanders, and 55 caecilians have been named in these 20 years, mainly in the tropical regions of South America, Asia, and Africa. More than half (57%) of these species descriptions were published in only 10 journals. At least 827 species of the new amphibians (29% of the total) were described in Zootaxa. This mega-journal has served also as a place of publication for monographs and systematic reviews, in addition to short articles documenting the vocalizations of anurans and the morphology of embryos and larvae. Its efficient evaluation process, the freedom of manuscript length, including full-color figures, and free of cost for the authors, has made Zootaxa a favorite for amphibian researchers. In an era of accelerating rates of biodiversity loss, documenting, describing, naming, and proposing evolutionary scenarios for species is, more than ever, an urgent task. Fil: Rivera Correa, Mauricio. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina Fil: Vera Candioti, María Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina Fil: Goyannes Dill Orrico, Victor. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Brasil Fil: Blackburn, David C.. University Of Florida. Florida Museum Of History; Estados Unidos Fil: Castroviejo Fisher, Santiago. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Chan, Kin Onn. National University of Singapore; Singapur Fil: Gambale, Priscilla. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil Fil: Gower, David J.. Natural History Museum; Reino Unido Fil: Quah, Evan S. H.. National University of Singapore; Singapur Fil: Rowley, Jodi J. L.. University of New South Wales; Australia Fil: Twomey, Evan. Goethe Universitat Frankfurt; Alemania Fil: Vences, Miguel. Technische Universitat Carolo Wilhelmina Zu Braunschweig.; Alemania

Zootaxa has been the leading journal on invertebrate systematics especially within Annelida. Our current estimates indicate annelids include approximately 20,200 valid species of polychaetes, oligochaetes, leeches, sipunculans and echiurans. We include herein the impact of Zootaxa on the description of new annelid species in the last two decades. Since 2001, there have been over 1,300 new annelid taxa published in about 630 papers. The majority of these are polychaetes (921 new species and 40 new genera) followed by oligochaetes (308 new species and 10 new genera) and leeches (21 new species). The numerous papers dealing with new polychaete species have provided us a clear picture on which polychaete families have had the most taxonomic effort and which authors and countries have been the most prolific of descriptions of new taxa. An estimated additional 10,000+ species remain to be described in the phylum, thus we urge annelid workers to continue their efforts and aid in training a new generation of taxonomists focused on this ecologically important group.

Lizards of the family Diploglossidae occur in moist, tropical forests of Middle America, South America, and Caribbean islands. Our analyses based on new molecular and morphological data indicate that the widely distributed genera Celestus Gray, 1839 and Diploglossus Wiegmann, 1834 are paraphyletic. We restrict the former to Caribbean islands and the latter to South America and Caribbean islands. We assign species in Middle America, formerly placed in Celestus and Diploglossus, to Advenus gen. nov., Mesoamericus gen. nov., and Siderolamprus Cope, 1861. We assign species on Caribbean islands, formerly placed in Celestus, to Caribicus gen. nov., Comptus gen. nov., Celestus, Panolopus Cope, 1862, Sauresia Gray, 1852, and Wetmorena Cochran, 1927. Our phylogenetic tree supports three major clades in the family: Celestinae subfam. nov. (Advenus gen. nov., Caribicus gen. nov., Comptus gen. nov., Celestus, Panolopus, Sauresia, and Wetmorena), Diploglossinae (Diploglossus and Ophiodes Wagler, 1828), and Siderolamprinae subfam. nov. (Mesoamericus gen. nov. and Siderolamprus). Our timetree indicates that the diploglossid lineage originated in the early Cenozoic and established three major centers of diversification in the Americas: Middle America (siderolamprines and one celestine), South America (diploglossines), and Caribbean islands (celestines and diploglossines). The majority of threatened species are on Caribbean islands, with the major threats being deforestation and predation by the introduced mongoose. Molecular and morphological data indicate that there are many undescribed species in this family of lizards.

Nineteen new species of the alycaeid genera Chamalycaeus, Dicharax, and Metalycaeus are described from Thailand and Myanmar: Chamalycaeus buaboke Páll-Gergely & A. Reischütz, n. sp., C. erawan Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, n. sp., C. hirpex Páll-Gergely & A. Reischütz, n. sp., C. irmatallus Páll-Gergely, n. sp., C. krabiensis Páll-Gergely & A. Reischütz, n. sp., C. serratus Páll-Gergely & Auffenberg, n. sp., C. spiratus Páll-Gergely, n. sp., Dicharax (?) admirandus Páll-Gergely & Auffenberg, n. sp., D. cyclostoma Páll-Gergely, n. sp., D. ebrius Páll-Gergely & Auffenberg, n. sp., D. (?) gnomus Páll-Gergely, n. sp., D. mirounga Páll-Gergely, n. sp., D. ovatus Páll-Gergely & Auffenberg, n. sp., D. subroseus Páll-Gergely, n. sp., D. verrucosus Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, n. sp., Metalycaeus anas Páll-Gergely & A. Reischütz, n. sp., M. aries Páll-Gergely & Auffenberg, n. sp., M. bicarinatus Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, n. sp., M. pygmachos Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, n. sp. Alycaeus kengtungensis Godwin-Austen, 1914 is moved to the synonymy of Metalycaeus heudei (Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900). We also report exact localities of Dicharax ataranensis (Godwin-Austen, 1914), Dicharax notus (Godwin-Austen, 1914), and Dicharax omissus (Godwin-Austen, 1914). The new records extend the known distribution of Chamalycaeus and Metalycaeus in Thailand.

The males of the genus Sericostoma Latreille 1825 in Turkey were studied and the following new species are described and illustrated: Sericostoma dimcay sp. n., S. alakir sp. n., S. taskent sp. n., S. pinargozu sp. n., and S. yuvarlakcay sp. n. Sericostoma mesopotamicum McLachlan 1898 is accepted as a valid species, and a detailed description of the male of this species is given and illustrated. Sericostoma flavicorne Schneider 1845, S. grusiense Martynov 1913, and S. ida SİPAHİLER 2000 are also described and figured. The known species of the genus Sericostoma in Turkey have reached nine with the addition of these new species.

Shearwaters are among the most diverse groups of Procellariiformes, and the systematics of genera Calonectris, Ardenna and Puffinus (sensu stricto) is particularly complex. Here we present the first morphology-based phylogenetic hypothesis for the group, using 104 osteological characters (23 continuous and 81 discrete) scored for 20 extant species of shearwaters, representing 62.5% of species currently recognized. Both equal and implied weighting were used for phylogenetic analyses, and the final hypothesis presented herein is the strict consensus of the most stable trees produced by the latter. Calonectris was recovered as monophyletic (Relative Bremer Support = 75), while all other members of shearwaters were included in a single, monophyletic grouping: Puffinus (sensu lato) (RBS = 76). The monophyly of Ardenna, as suggested by all molecular-based hypotheses, was not recovered, whereas a monophyletic Puffinus (sensu stricto) is present within the larger clade. The final hypothesis, wherein shearwaters fall into the sister taxa Calonectris and Puffinus (sensu lato), is consistent with earlier classifications based on osteological evidence.