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Collections of Psychodidae in Portugal revealed a number of new species and a new genus for this country and the Iberian Peninsula. New species described are: Pneumia portuguesa sp. nov., Ulomyia iberica sp. nov., Clytocerus ibericus sp. nov., Pericoma estrelica sp. nov., and Psychoda iucunda sp. nov.. Heteroberdeniella gen. nov. is proposed with Berdeniella jaramensis (Wagner) as type species and Heteroberdeniella guardarramica sp. nov. is also included. Most species and genera are members of the West Palearctic fauna, but the genus Mystropsychoda Duckhouse is mentioned for the first time out of the Afrotropical realm. Distribution patterns of several genera and species cover at least the Mediterranean area and in addition indicate biogeographic relationships to the Afrotropical realm and particularly the East African mountain chains.

Seoda cavernicola sp. nov. and Psychoda glamocensis sp. nov., are new species and cave dwellers from Bosnia and Hercegovina, and Croatia. Adults of S. cavernicola are pale and small; the eye bridge is reduced, ommatidia irregularly arranged, epandrium with a pair of setose excrescences. The eye bridge of P. glamocensis is likewise reduced with 2 or 3 irregularly ordered facet rows, palpus segments of some individuals are malformed; its closest relative is Psychoda alticola Vaillant based on the morphology of male and female genitalia as well as on COI barcodes.

Tonnoiriella Vaillant, 1971 was one of the genera not treated by F. Vaillant for his revision in Die Fliegen der paläartktischen Region. Here we provide a genus diagnosis, re-describe known species based mainly on type material, and provide descriptions and figures of the West-Palearctic species. New species described are T. aurasica sp. nov., T. italiae sp. nov., T. ikariae sp. nov., T. andradei sp. nov., T. rhodesica sp. nov., and T. goncalvesi sp. nov.; T. androsica Vaillant, 1978, T. orientalis Vaillant, 1978, and T. pallidipenis Vaillant, 1978 are nomina nuda; finally 21 species are known to date from Europe and North Africa. The ejaculatory apodeme (basiphallus) is asymmetric and bilobed, lobes are stacked; one or both lobes are connected with asymmetric, cross positioned (distiphallus) sclerites. Operating of the open–close mechanism of the aedeagus is explained. Information on larval ecology is provided and the systematic position of the genus is discussed.

Queenslandomyia cannula gen. nov. et sp. nov. from Queensland, and Theischingerus imbricatus gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Diptera, Psychodidae) from New South Wales, are described and figured. Queenslandomyia is characterized by the shape of the basal 4 flagellomeres with digitate lateral extensions, and an afferent sclerotized thin channel to flagellomere 4; parameres connate to a large central sclerite with apical setae. Theischingerus is conspicuous by the unusual furcation of the Radius sector vein in R 2 and R 3+4 so that between radial and medial forks only a single vein (R 5 ) occurs. Rotundopteryx notata (Duckhouse, 1966) is redescribed and the genus diagnosis of Rotundopteryx Duckhouse 1990 is expanded, based on a remarkable connection of the basiphallus, with the distiphallus and the parameres, and of the subepandrial plate with the surstyli and the hypoproct. Records of other 6 species are provided.

Subfamily Bruchomyiinae is comprised of 60 species and has been referred to as the most primitive within the Psychodidae. The assumed sister-group relationship with Phlebotominae is based on ecological constraints of their environment. A cladistics analysis based on 29 characters and 52 species revealed the distinction of an Old World clade characterized by males with elongate, narrow vasa deferentia, and a New World clade with males having shorter and basally widened vasa deferentia. The Old World clade consists of the genera Nemopalpus Macquart (9 species), and Eutonnoiria Alexander (1 species). The New World clade includes Bruchomyia Alexander (10 species), Boreofairchildia genus nov. (13 species), Laurenceomyia genus nov. (5 species), and Notofairchildia genus nov. (15 species). Parsimony and Bayesian analyses resulted in trees that generally support this generic classification; however, with some species groups less resolved. Diagnostic features for genera are provided. In contrast to the other New World genera, Notofairchildia is paraphyletic with the provisional inclusion of at least the Australasian taxa.

The new genus and species, Phlebotoiella eoindianensis, from the Eocene Vastan amber deposits in western India is described and illustrated. This marks the first Psychodidae to be described from Vastan amber. The relationship of this new genus is discussed as well as its biogeographic implications.

The aquatic insect collection of the late Dr. W. Joost contained two new species of Thaumaleidae (Diptera) from the Caucasus Mountains: Thaumalea monikae sp. n. and Thaumalea biacuminata sp. n. These two new species are herein described, and the most abundant species in Dr. Joost's collection, Thaumalea martinovskyi Joost, 1979, is redescribed based on the type material. Figures of male and female genitalia for all species are provided. All three species show morphological similarities to taxa from the Eastern Mediterranean area. Thaumalea monikae is related to the European T. bezzii-species group, T. biacuminata to the T. serrata-group, and T. martinovskyi to T. kyladica Wagner, 1981 and T. malickyi Theischinger, 1979 from the Eastern Mediterranean area.

Bruchomyiinae from Burmese, Baltic, and Caribbean amber are revised. Five new species from Baltic, one from Caribbean and three from Burmese amber are described. Based on recently discovered specimens, additional details and corrections for previously described species are provided. Six species from Baltic amber were combined in Hoffeinsodes gen. nov. ( Hoffeinsodes obtusa sp. nov., H. bifida sp. nov., H. cubicula sp. nov., H. longicauda sp. nov., H. reducta sp. nov. and H. hoffeinsi (Wagner 2006) comb. nov.), based on the fusion of gonocoxites and hypandrium, and a laterally expanded epandrium with posterolateral lobes. Genus Palaeosycorax Meunier, 1905 is re-validated, with Palaeosycorax inexpetatus (Wagner, 2012) comb. nov. included. Caribbean amber species Boreofairchildia dominicana sp. nov. and B. hennigianus (Schluter, 1978) comb. nov. are congeneric with extant genus Boreofairchildia Wagner & Stuckenberg, 2016. Three new and two described species from Burmese amber are combined in Palaeoglaesum gen. nov. ( Palaeoglaesum quadrispiculatum (Stebner et al. , 2015) comb. nov., P. velteni (Wagner, 2012) comb. nov., P. muelleri sp. nov., P. bisulcum sp. nov., P. notandum sp. nov.), based on their small size relative to other Bruchomyiinae, and presence of a Y-shaped aedeagal sclerite. Keys to males of species in particular ambers are provided.

Subfamily Bruchomyiinae is comprised of 60 species and has been referred to as the most primitive within the Psychodidae. The assumed sister-group relationship with Phlebotominae is based on ecological constraints of their environment. A cladistics analysis based on 29 characters and 52 species revealed the distinction of an Old World clade characterized by males with elongate, narrow vasa deferentia, and a New World clade with males having shorter and basally widened vasa deferentia. The Old World clade consists of the genera Nemopalpus Macquart (9 species), and Eutonnoiria Alexander (1 species). The New World clade includes Bruchomyia Alexander (10 species), Boreofairchildia genus nov. (13 species), Laurenceomyia genus nov. (5 species), and Notofairchildia genus nov. (15 species). Parsimony and Bayesian analyses resulted in trees that generally support this generic classification; however, with some species groups less resolved. Diagnostic features for genera are provided. In contrast to the other New World genera, Notofairchildia is paraphyletic with the provisional inclusion of at least the Australasian taxa.

The aquatic insect collection of the late Dr. W. Joost contained two new species of Thaumaleidae (Diptera) from the Caucasus Mountains: Thaumalea monikae sp. n. and Thaumalea biacuminata sp. n. These two new species are herein described, and the most abundant species in Dr. Joost's collection, Thaumalea martinovskyi Joost, 1979, is redescribed based on the type material. Figures of male and female genitalia for all species are provided. All three species show morphological similarities to taxa from the Eastern Mediterranean area. Thaumalea monikae is related to the European T. bezzii-species group, T. biacuminata to the T. serrata-group, and T. martinovskyi to T. kyladica Wagner, 1981 and T. malickyi Theischinger, 1979 from the Eastern Mediterranean area.

In recent years several Neotropical Psychodidae Psychodinae were collected from Bromeliaceae. These plants are a kind of aquatic microcosmos and harbour a diverse and probably specialized fauna (Frank & Lounibos 2009, Kitching 2000, Richardson 1999). Quite a number of psychodids collected from Bromeliaceae is from genus Arisemus (Satchell, 1955). In some cases adults were reared from larvae collected in bromeliads, so that both stages were associated Wagner et al. 2008; Wagner et al. accepted. From some other species and genera it is known or supposed that their habitat is related to bromeliads (more information in Quate & Brown 2004, Frank et al. 2004). Additional information with description of a new species can be found in Wagner & Hribar (2005). Remarkably one newly described species was transported with a bromeliad from Brazil via the Netherlands to Sweden, where larvae or eggs developed to the adult stage and were collected in a terrarium (Wagner & Svensson 2006). So it appears that the small water bodies in tank bromeliads and other plants or the high atmospheric humidity in the environment of Tillandsia plants provide a sufficient environment for successful development of psychodids, at least in the Neotropical region. Here we report about another new species collected from bromeliads in Florida that belongs to the remarkable genus Neurosystasis Satchell, 1955, of which so far only two species were known: N. terminalis (Satchell, 1955) from Jamaica, and N. amplipenna (Knab, 1914) from Cuba. Quate & Brown (2004) mentioned 3 females from Orange County Florida, U.S.A. collected from Tillandsia utriculata (Bromeliaceae) where larvae live in the leaf axils. Most probably these females are not N. amplipenna (Knab, 1914) but belong to the new species described below.