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The pupal cases of the Nearctic robber flies, Machimus latapex Martin, 1975, M. occidentalis (Hine, 1909), and M. prairiensis (Tucker, 1907) are described. They are compared with the previously described pupal cases of six other Nearctic species of Machimus. The pupal case of M. latapex and facial sheaths and posterior antennal processes of M. occidentalis are illustrated.

The pupal cases of the Nearctic robber flies Laphria canis Williston, 1883: L. ferox Williston, 1883: L. macquarti (Banks, 1917): and L. posticata Say, 1824 are described and illustrated. A key is provided to the pupal cases of these and seven other species of Laphria previously described. A revised key also is included for the pupal cases of three genera of Laphriinae: Andrenosoma, Lampria, and Laphria.

The pupal cases of the Nearctic robber flies Laphria canis Williston, 1883: L. ferox Williston, 1883: L. macquarti (Banks, 1917): and L . posticata Say, 1824 are described and illustrated. A key is provided to the pupal cases of these and seven other species of Laphria previously described. A revised key also is included for the pupal cases of three genera of Laphri-inae: Andrenosoma , Lampria , and Laphria . s,j� vl�3# �t! gues and Zaher 2011 and C. venetacaudus Arias, Carvalho, Rodrigues and Zaher 2011. We analyzed the external and hemipenial morphology of specimens from different localities in the state and our re-sults indicate the presence of at least four species: C .cf. ocellifer , C. confusionibus , C. venetacaudus and C. pyrrhogularis sp. nov . Hemipenial analysis corroborates the existence of two subgroups within C. ocellifer species group. Cnemidopho-rus pyrrhogularis sp. nov ., a member of the ocellifer subgroup, occurs in the northern part of Piaui, in ecotonal areas, and differs from the remaining species of the genus mainly on hemipenial morphology, number of femoral pores, number the lamellae under fourth finger and fourth toe, and color pattern. Diagnoses and hemipenis description of the four taxa are presented, as well as a detailed description of the new species.

Recent publications on the immature stages of robber flies (Asilidae) are reviewed and listed for the 14 currently recog­nized subfamilies (Asilinae, Bathypogoninae, Brachyrhopalinae, Dasypogoninae, Dioctriinae, Laphriinae, Leptogastri­nae, Ommatiinae, Phellinae, Stenopogoninae, Stichopogoninae, Tillobromatinae, Trigonomiminae, and Willistonininae). For the Phellinae there are only limited data on the pupal cases, and for the Tillobromatinae there are only limited data on the eggs (potential oviposition site in soil) and pupal cases. The recent literature is compared with pertinent pre-1972 pub­lications.

Subfamily keys for pupal cases of Asilidae are currently based on 5 taxa, Asilinae, Dasypogoninae, Megapodinae, Laphriinae and Leptogastrinae. Analysis of recently published adult morphological data and DNA sequence data suggests that the family consists of 14 subfamilies. A tentative key based on known pupal cases is provided for 10 of these subfamilies: Asilinae, Brachyrhopalinae, Dasypogoninae, Dioctriinae, Laphriinae, Leptogastrinae, Ommatiinae, Stenopogoninae, Stichopogoninae and Willistonininae. It is difficult to distinguish between Brachyrhopalinae and Dasypogoninae pupal cases because so many characteristics overlap. There are no described pupal cases for 4 subfamilies: Bathypogoninae, Phellinae, Tillobromatinae and Trigonomiminae. Morphological data are available for only approximately 10% of the genera and 2% of the species of Asilidae.

Diogmites bilobatus sp. nov. is described from museum specimens collected in the south central and southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Its close resemblance to the widespread D. angustipennis Loew is established. Diogmites grossus Bromley syn. nov., D. pulcher (Back) syn. nov., and D. symmachus Loew syn. nov. are synonymized with D. angustipennis, and lectotypes are designated for D. angustipennis and D. symmachus. Notes on morphological variation, habitat, prey, distribution, and phenology are provided for D. bilobatus sp. nov. and D. angustipennis.