Search

To explore the effect of LRP (leukemia related protein) 16 on insulin resistance in C2-C12 cells and explore its molecular mechanism.Lipidosome transfection and lentivirus mediated siRNA (small interfering RNA) technology were used to establish LRP 16 overexpression and underexpression cell lines and their corresponding control cell lines. And 2-deoxy-[(3)H]-glucose was used to measure the effect of LRP 16 on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The effects of LRP16 on the phosphorylation of IRS (insulin receptor substrate)-1, Akt and the expressions of PI3K (p85), PPAR (peroxisome proliferator actived receptor) γ and GLUT-4 were detected by Western blot. Luciferase was used to study the effect of LRP16 on the transcriptional activity of PPARγ.Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake decreased to 46% of the control when LRP16 was over-expressed [(4700 ± 97) vs. (10200 ± 347), P0.01]. And the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was 1.73 fold of control when the expression of LRP16 was suppressed in C2-C12 cells [(17600 ± 466) vs (10200 ± 91), P0.05]. The overexpression of LRP16 attenuated the insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, the phosphorylation of Akt and the expressions of PI3K (p85), PPARγ and GLUT-4. But it promoted the insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 in C2-C12 cells. LRP16 decreased the transcriptional activity of PPARγ in a dose-dependent manner. The transcriptional activity of PPARγ decreased to 43% and 27% of the control when the doses of pcDNA3.1-16 were 0.4 µg and 0.5 µg [(76 ± 11) vs (33 ± 9), P0.01] and 27% [(21 ± 9) vs (76 ± 11), P0.01].LRP16 gene causes insulin resistance in C2-C12 cells by inhibiting the IRS-1 signaling and the transcriptional activity of PPARγ.

To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic (US) features for the pre-operative differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by using pathological diagnosis as the reference standard.A total of 1501 patients with 2123 thyroid nodules (1864 malignant, 259 benign) diagnosed intra-operatively and undergoing pre-operative ultrasonography at our hospital were recruited. The following characteristics of US images were evaluated: nodule size, shape, margin, echotexture, echogenicity, presence and type of calcification, blood flow inside or around nodules and the presence of ipsilateral cervical lymphadenectasis.(1) The risk of malignancy was higher in a solitary nodule than in a non-solitary nodule [16.7% (109/653) vs 10.2% (150/1470), P=0.000]. The mean diameter of benign nodules was larger than that of malignant nodules [(2.4±1.4) vs (2.1±1.9) cm, P=0.009]. (2) Microcalcification, irregular shape, ill-defined border, solid and hypoechogenicity were more common in malignant nodules. Irregular shape had the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value while microcalcification had the highest diagnostic accuracy. (3) Nodules with a rich blood flow inside tended to have a higher risk of malignancy. The distribution pattern of blood flow around the nodules was not associated with the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Nodules with the presence of ipsilateral cervical lymphadenectasis had a higher risk of malignancy than those without lymphadenectasis [28.3% (80/283) vs 9.6% (92/963), P0.01]. (4) If microcalcification, irregular shape, ill-defined border, solid, hypoechogenicity and the presence of ipsilateral cervical lymphadenectasis were treated as the characteristics of malignancy, a higher frequency of these characteristics was correlated with a higher risk of malignancy.Despite a lack of specific US imaging characteristics in malignant thyroid nodules, microcalcification and irregular shape appear closely correlated with malignancy. A combined use of conventional US characteristics may improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis.

To evaluate the clinical significance of glycated albumin (GA) measured by enzymatic method and to compare its effect with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).128 type 2 DM patients and 84 normal subjects from the Chinese PLA General Hospital were enrolled for the study. The levels of GA, HbA1c, FBG, PBG in DM patient were detected at baseline and followed visit at 2, 4, 8 weeks after blood glucose management. The levels of GA, HbA1c, FBG, PBG and 75 g OGTT were also detected in above normal subjects.Intra CV and inter CV of enzymatic were (0.74-0.9)% and (0.94-1.49)% respectively. In normal subjects GA was in the range of (9-14)%. At baseline, the GA level was significantly correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.8326, P0.01), FBG and 2 hour PBG. After 2, 4, 8 weeks treatment, GA level in DM patients was concomitantly decreased with the improvement of FBG, PBG and HbA1c. At early 2 weeks visit, GA, but not HbA1c, showed significant decrease from its baseline (P0.05).Enzymatic measuring GA was highly correlated with HbA1c, and changing concomitantly with the decrease of HbA1c, FBG, PBG during the 8 weeks treatment. GA was more sensitive than HbA1c for short-term variations of glycemic control during treatment of diabetic patients. GA can be used as a better index of short term mean level of blood glucose in diabetic patients.