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Primary vasculitis, include microscopic polyarteritis (MPA) and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), is one of the causes of Glomerulonephritis and renal failure. Recently antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) is considered to be a very important tool for the diagnosis of MPA and WG. The management of ANCA was performed in 42 patients with variant primary glomerulonephritis with crescents formation or sclerotic glomerulonephritis, 5 of them show positive, appeared as a pattern of P-ANCA. Most of the patients were old male, with fever, malaise, weight loss, anemia, muscle and joint pain, some of them have chronic cough, even hemoptysis, opacities in middle-lower fields of both lungs, which didn't response to antibiotics therapy. This is the first report about renal involvement of primary vasculitis from China. Our result suggest that primary vasculitis is not a rare course of renal failure in China.

This present study first reported 8 cases of Thin membrane nephropathy (TMN) in China. Most patients had persistent microscopic hematuria, who could be accompanied with mild proteinuria or macroscopic hematuria. The contrast microscopy showed glomerular hematuria in the majority of the cases. Some patients (25%, 2 cases) had familial hematuric histories, suggesting this disease may be associated with heredity. All the patients had normal renal function at following-up period (average 2.9 years), this result showed this disease was benign glomerular disease. LM showed pathological change is mild, IF was negative, diffuse thin GBM was outstanding change by EM. The thickness of TMN was 265 +/- 39 nm, the thickness of IgA GN and normal control were separately 383 +/- 32 nm and 398 +/- 34 nm, the thickness of TMN was significantly thinner than IgA GN and normal control (P less than 0.01). This study showed ultrastructural observation of glomeruli by EM was necessary to diagnose this disease.