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To investigate the influence of unilateral cryptorchidism on the levels of serum anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B in children.We enrolled 65 patients with unilateral cryptorchidism and 45 healthy children in this study. We measured the length and circumference of the penis, the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side, and the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at the age of 6 and 12 months, respectively.Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with unilateral cryptorchidism showed significant decreases at 12 months in serum AMH (［108.06±12.40］ vs ［103.26±17.57］ ng/ml, P0.05) and inhibin B (［77.43±5.66］ vs ［70.21±5.69］ pg/ml, P0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the length and circumference of the penis and the testis volume in the cryptorchidism side at 6 and 12 months (P0.05), or in the levels of serum AMH and inhibin B at 6 months (P0.05).Unilateral cryptorchidism affects the gonadal function of the patient, and orchiopexy should be timely performed in order to reduce its impact.目的： 探讨单侧隐睾对患儿血清抗苗勒管激素（AMH）及血清抑制素B（INHB）水平的影响。方法： 选取单侧隐睾患儿65例，健康对照组45例，在6月龄和12月龄时分别测量患儿阴茎长度、阴茎周径及隐睾侧睾丸体积，检测血清AMH及INHB水平。结果： 单侧隐睾组12月龄时血清AMH［（103.26±17.57） ng/ml］及INHB［（70.21±5.69） pg/ml］较健康对照组［AMH：（108.06±12.40） ng/ml；INHB：（77.43±5.66）pg/ml］明显下降，差异均有统计学意义 (P均0.05)；单侧隐睾组和健康对照组在6月龄和12月龄时的阴茎长度、周径和隐睾侧睾丸体积无统计学差异（P均0.05），6月龄时血清AMH和INHB水平亦无统计学差异（P均0.05）。 结论： 单侧隐睾影响患儿睾丸功能，应及时行睾丸下降固定术以减轻隐睾对患儿睾丸功能的影响。.