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Inflammasome is one of the pattern recognition receptors whose activation directly relates to the maturity and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1Β and IL-18. Thus, it plays an important role in the humoral immunity. A growing number of studies have found that inflammasome has a close relationship with the pathogenesis of various diseases including atherosclerosis,diabetes, and gout. However,the activation of the inflammasome and its specific regulatory mechanisms remain not clear. This article reviews the possible regulatory mechanisms of the inflammasome NLRP3 in terms of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress,and autophagy reaction.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a new pathway of apoptosis following the discovery of death receptor signaling pathway and mitochondrial pathway. By activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), ERS can suspend protein synthesis, restore the endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and thus play a protective role for cells; however, if the inducing factors of ERS persist, ERS will continue to trigger C/EBP homologous protein, JNK, caspase, or other pathways to induce apoptosis. In addition, the injury and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells are key links in various diseases and pathophysiologic processes, and research has also shown that vascular endothelial cell apoptosis is closely related with the ERS. Effective intervention of ERS may restrain apoptosis and protect the vascular endothelium. This article reviews the recent research advances in ERS and its role in vascular endothelial cell apoptosis.

Objective: To further select the items based on the pre-test version of quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis., Methods: Totally 100 patients with viral myocarditis were enrolled in this study. Methodologies including frequency distribution, discrete trend, t-test, Cronbach's α coefficient, correlation coefficient and factor analysis were applied to select items from different perspectives., Results: A total of 17 items were selected by frequency distribution method from the perspective of central tendency, 15 items were selected by discrete trend method from the perspective of sensitivity, 16 items were selected by t-test method from the perspective of sensitivity and discrimination, 16 items were selected by Cronbach's α coefficient method from the perspective of internal consistency, 12 items were selected by correlation coefficient method from the perspective of representation and independence, and 18 items were selected by factor analysis method from the perspective of representation., Conclusion: Item selection of quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis was successfully conducted based on the clinical epidemiological data using a variety of statistical methods.

Objective: To identify and assess multiple human papillomavirus types in condyloma acuminatum lesions from patients with genital warts in Beijing area, and compare different features between otherwise healthy and immunosuppressed patients., Methods: PCR, RFLP and nucleotide sequencing analysis were used to determine HPV types from individual lesions., Results: The predominant type from other healthy patients was HPV6, secondly HPV11. The mean age of patients infected by HPV6 was lower than that of HPV11 and HPV6 + 11. While lesions from immunosuppressed patients were often contained HPV11 or mixed with HPV6. Besides, HPV types 16 and 53 were detected from infected lesions than other HPV types., Conclusions: HPV6 was the major pathogen of condyloma acuminatum, but infected patients were at lower ages. While HPV11 was most often detected from immunosuppressed patients. As a low risk virus in normal genital tract, HPV53 also could be a pathogen in genital warts.