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Objective: To study the role of cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in the diagnosis, prognosis and efficacy evaluation of DLBCL patients, and the effects of Tislelizumab on immune function and cytokines in DLBCL patients., Methods: Twenty-three patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL were selected as DLBCL group and 34 patients with megaloblastic anemia as the control group. The levels of peripheral blood cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α and IFN-γ by ELISA method. The levels of peripheral blood CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells， the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokins and lymphocyto subsets in DLBCL patients with different clinical data and different therapeutic effects were compared., Results: The levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in DLBCL group were significantly higher than those in control group, but there was no significant correlation between cytokine levels and age and gender. The higher IPI score, higher Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms, higher β 2 -MG, LDH and CRP levels, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher, and IL-4 was also significantly higher in patients with high LDH levels. Compared with the ineffective group, the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly lower and the level of CD4 + T cells and the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + was significantly higher in the effective group before therapy. The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and B lymphocytes in the effective group decreased significantly after therapy compared to those before therapy. After 4 cycles of therapy, the level of IL-2 and the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + in the Tislelizumab group were significantly higher than those in the non-Tislelizumab group, and the level of CD8 + T cells was significantly lower than that in the non-Tislelizumab group( P <0.05). The level of B lymphocytes in both the Tislelizumab group and the non-Tislelizumab group after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy., Conclusion: The expression of cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with DLBCL is abnormal, which is related to the severity, prognosis and therapeutic effect of the disease. Tislelizumab can improve the immune function of patients with DLBCL by affecting cytokines and lymphocyte subsets and strengthen anti-tumor immunity.

Objective: To investigate the expression level of S100A6 mRNA in MM and to its clinical significance, and to evaluate its significance., Methods: The expression level of S100A6 mRNA in MM patients was determined by real time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR), and its relationship with the clinical features and outcomes of patients was analyzed by statistic method., Results: S100A6 mRNA was detected in 20 MM patients. Compared with normal persons, the S100A6 mRNA expression in MM patients was higher. In different groups, the S100A6 mRNA expression in MM patients of 3 stages was higer than that in patients of 1 and 2 stages. MM patients with higher S100A6 mRNA expression had poor prognosis and higer extramedullary metastasis rate., Conclusion: The high expression of S100A6 mRNA is associated with poor prognosis and may be a prognostic molecular marker of MM.

This study was aimed to investigate the normalization of serum free light chain ratio (sPLCR) after treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and its influence on the prognosis of MM patients. The clinical data of 42 patients with MM were analyzed retrospectively from January 2009 to November 2013 in out department. According to sPLCR consecutive normalization for more 4 weeks or not after treatment, the patients were classified in patients with mormalized sPLCR and patients with abnormalized sPLCR, then the influence of traditional prognostic factors of MM on sPLCR and effect of sPLCR on overall survival (OS) time of MM patients were analyzed. The results showed that the influence of age, ISS stage displayed statistical difference between sFLCR normalization group and abnormalization group, the age ≥ 65 years and ISS stage III negatively impacted on sFLCR normalization (P < 0.05). The response rates of patients with normalized sFLCR were as follows: CR - 60%, VGPR - 38.89%; PR - 28.57%; 17 patients (40.48%) with sFLCR normalization showed superior OS, as compared with patients with sPLCR abnormalization (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the sFLCR normalization is the independent prognostic factor for MM, suggesting that the MM patients with sPLCR normalization after treatment have superior prognosis.

In order to improve the recognition of myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia and to reduce misdiagnosis, one case of myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) was reported and the related articles published were reviewed. A series of clinical tests, the morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of leukemia cells, cytogenetic and molecular biological examinations were performed. The results indicated that the patient had anemia, thrombocytopenia and leucocytosis, but no evidence of lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The morphology of leukemia cells was similar to that of abnormal promyelocytic cells, especially the variant of M3 (M3v) leukemia cells. The leukemia cells expressed CD117, CD33, CD15, CD56 and cMPO, but did not express CD34, HLA-DR, CD13 and CD16. Abnormal cytogenetics with del (7) (q22q32) was found. Neither t(15;17) nor PML/RARα gene rearrangement was detected. The patient failed to show a differentiation-induction response to all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA). In conclusion, the myeloid/natural killer cell leukemia is extremely rare. It is very important to distinguish the disorder from APL/M3v. The patient with myeloid/natural kill cell acute leukemia should be treated with chemotherapy as acute myeloid leukemia.

This study was purposed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of Annexin A2 gene (AnxA2) on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its mechanisms. The human MM cell lines U266 and RPMI8226 were transfected by using siRNA targeting at AnxA2; the expressions of AnxA2 mRNA and protein in the siRNA-transfected cells were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively; the cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that silencing AnxA2 gene by siRNA resulted in decreased expressions of AnxA2 gene and protein, increased apoptosis of U266 and RPMI8226 cell lines (P < 0.05), at the same time resulted in down-regulation of apoptosis-related gene expressions including p65NF-κB, IL-2, IL-6 (P < 0.05), and up-regulation of P53 gene expression (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the AnxA2 silence plays a promoting role in apoptosis of MM cell lines U266 and RPMI8226.

To improve the recognition of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and to reduce misdiagnosis, a case diagnosed as AITL with large granular lymphocytosis was reported and the related articles were reviewed. A series of clinical tests, pathologic examination and immunohistochemical test, TCR gene rearrangement detection by multiple PCR and assay of lymphocyte immunophenotypes were carried out. The results indicated that the patient was characterized by fever, skin rash, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, pleural effusion, ascites, anemia and thrombocytopenia, increase of circulating large granular lymphocytes with CD3(-) and CD16(+), CD56(+) were detected, T-cell receptor γ-chain gene was rearranged. More large granular lymphocytes with abnormal mitosis were found in ascites. The histological and immunohistochemical changes observed by the lymph node biopsy were compatible with AITL, some cells of which were CD56-positive. In conclusion, AITL is characterized by aggressive progress and generally occurs in elderly patients, its clinical prognosis is poor, the large granular lymphocytosis may be an autoimmune response to the tumor cells or originate from tumor stem/progenitor cells.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of low frequency and power ultrasound combined with adriamycin on apoptosis of drug-resistant leukemia cell line K562/A02 in vitro, to find out the parameters of optimal exposure, and to explore the possible mechanism reversing drug-resistance of K562/A02 cells. The K562/A02 cells in logarithmic growth phase were used in experiments. The experiments were divided into 4 groups: group control, group adriamycin (A02) alone, group ultrasound (US) alone and group A02+US. The trypan blue dye exclusion test and MTT assay were used to determine the cell viability; Wright's staining was used to detect the apoptosis; the flow cytometry was used to analyze the drug concentration, and the scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the changes of cell surface. The results showed that the significant differences in cell viability, intracellular adriamycin concentration and changes of cell membrane were found between ultrasound-treated and untreated cells in the presence of various concentration of adriamycin. The exposure to ultrasound at 20 kHZ, 0.25 W/cm2 for 60 seconds could obviously decrease LC50 of adriamycin to K562/A02 cells, while the exposure to ultrasound at 20 kHZ, 0.05 W/cm2 for 60 seconds could kill K562/A02 cells at once. After being treated by low frequency ultrasound, the small holes with diameter about 1-2 microm in the cell surface appeared. The ultrasound increased the adriamycin concentration in the cells, accelerated the formation of apoptotic bodies, and promoted apoptosis of adriamycin-resistant cells. It is concluded that the ultrasound at optimal parameters enhances inhibitory effect of adriamycin on drug-resistant cell line, thereby reverses drug-resistance of drug-resistant cell line through sound-hole effect in tumor cells resulting from ultrasound induced cavitation.