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Indoor air pollution induces asthma, leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and may promote lung cancer. Our previous studies found that the accumulation of inorganic particulate matter that is due to indoor air pollution can lead to damage to alveolar cells and activation of signaling pathway, and ultimately provoke tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to explore the accumulation of inorganics and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway of lung tissue in Xuanwei lung cancer patients.From December 2013 to November 2014, 48 cases Xuanwei patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were enrolled in this study and compared with lung cancer patients from other regions. The ultrastructure of postoperative specimens was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to explore the occurrence of inorganic particles. Serum cytokines were analyzed. Then, the expression levels of NF-κB-p65 protein and iNOS protein in postoperative specimens was explored by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Finally, 8-OHdG accumulation in lung cancer tissues and urine was measured.A large number of nanoscale inorganics were observed in alveolar type II cells and macrophages located in adjacent tissues of lung cancer with Xuanwei patients. Silicon (Si) content was found in inorganic elemental analysis. The serum interleukin (IL)-1β levels (31.50 ± 19.16) pg/mL of Xuanwei lung-cancer patients were remarkably higher than those from other regions (11.33 ± 6.94) pg/mL (P0.01), with statistically significant difference. The pathological tissues of Xuanwei lung-cancer patients express NF-κB-p65, and iNOS expression were significantly higher than those of patients from non-Xuanwei regions. No significant difference was found between cancerous and normal adjacent tissues. Xuanwei lung-cancer tissues and urine 8-OHdG level (40.124 ± 8.597) ng/mgCr were significantly higher than those of patients from other regions (25.673 ± 7.986) ng/mg Cr (P0.05), with statistically significant difference.The accumulation of inorganics and the activation of NF-κB-iNOS signaling pathway may contribute to Xuanwei lung cancer. .背景与目的 室内空气污染不仅会诱发哮喘，也会导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD），甚至促进肺癌发生。随着宣威肺癌的病因学研究，发现室内空气污染最终造成肺部无机颗粒物的沉积，这些物质可以造成肺泡细胞损伤、信号通路激活，最终促进肿瘤的发生。本研究旨在探讨宣威肺癌患者肺部中无机杂质的赋存以及核转录因子（nuclear factor κB, NF-κB）-诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS）信号通路的激活情况。方法 选取48例2013年12月-2014年11月在昆明医科大学第三附属医院行手术治疗的宣威肺癌患者与其他地区的肺癌患者作为研究对象，用透射电镜（transmission electron microscope, TME）对患者术后标本进行超微结构的观察，探究无机颗粒物的赋存情况；对患者的血清行细胞因子检测；对术后的标本行免疫组化以及蛋白质印迹（Western blot），了解NF-κB-p65蛋白以及iNOS蛋白的表达；对肺癌组织中和尿液中的8-OHdG赋存进行检测。结果 在宣威肺癌患者癌旁组织的肺泡II型细胞、巨噬细胞中可见到大量纳米级无机物赋存；对无机物进行元素分析，含有硅（Silicon, Si）成分；宣威地区患者血清中白介素（interleukin, IL）-1β（31.50±19.16）pg/mL较其他地区肺癌患者（11.33±6.94）pg/mL高，差异有统计学意义（P0.01）；宣威肺癌与其他地区肺癌患者的术后病理组织中癌组织有NF-κB-p65和iNOS表达，较非宣威地区明显升高；癌旁和正常组织之间未见明显差异；宣威肺癌组织和尿液8-OHdG较非宣威地区肺癌患者高，肺癌患者尿液中的8-OhdG（40.124±8.597）ng/mgCr与其他地区患者（25.673±7.986）ng/mgCr相比，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）。结论 肺部无机物的赋存以及NF-κB-iNOS信号通路的激活可能促进了宣威肺癌的发生。.

The mismatch between pleural space and remnant lung after bilobectomy has been considered as the main reason for the high incidence of postoperative complications in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in postoperative complications between bilobectomy and lobectomy in the right lung of NSCLC patients.This study included 528 NSCLC patients who underwent right pulmonary lobectomy. A total of 352 cases that underwent upper or lower right lobectomy (108 upper and 244 lower) were the control group, and 176 cases that underwent bilobectomy (57 upper and middle and 119 lower and middle) were the observation group. A retrospective case-control study was performed on a series of matched NSCLC patients. Cases and controls were matched by age, ppoFEV1%, LEVF%, operation method, cardiac comorbidity, type of postoperative management, and pathological type at a ratio of 1:2. The prevalence of 30-day death, occurrence of cardiac-respiratory complications (hospital-acquired pneumonia, low oxygen concentration, pulmonary embolism, cerebral apoplexy, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia or infarction, and cardiac insufficiency) and occurrence of space-related complications (atelectasis, air leak more than 5 days, and pneumothorax) were compared between the bilobectomy and lobectomy groups.The prevalence of 30-day death was 3.4% (6/176) in the bilobectomy group and 2.3% (8/352) in the lobectomy group. No statistical significance was observed between the two groups. The cardiac-respiratory complication rate in bilobectomy group (23.8%; 42/176) was higher than that in lobectomy group (10.7%; 38/352). The cardiac-respiratory complication rate of the lower and middle pulmonary lobectomy patients in the bilobectomy group (26.5%; 31/119) was significantly higher than that in the lower pulmonary lobectomy patients (4.9%; 12/244). The space-related complications in bilobectomy group and lobectomy group were 20.4% (36/176) and 17.3% (61/352), respectively. No statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed.The postoperative cardiac-respiratory complications of NSCLC patients with right bilobectomy are higher than those of the right lobectomy patients, but the prevalence of 30-day death and space-related complication was not statistically different between the two groups.背景与目的 双肺叶切除后剩余肺叶与胸膜腔空间不匹配是右侧非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者术后高并发症发病率的主要原因。本研究旨在比较右侧NSCLC双肺叶切除与单肺叶切除患者术后并发症发生率之间的差异。方法 本研究共纳入行右侧肺叶切除NSCLC 528例，右肺单肺叶切除病例352例（108例上叶与244例下叶）为对照组，右肺双肺叶切除病例176例（57例中上叶与119例中下叶）为观察组。两组病例行回顾性病例-对照配对研究。两组病例按照年龄、性别、术前预计FEV1%、LEVF%、手术方式、术前心脏伴随疾病、术后管理方式、病理类型、肿瘤大小等情况进行按1:2进行配对。比较两组患者术后30天内死亡率、空间相关并发症（肺不张、漏气大于5天、气胸）发生率与心肺并发症（院内获得性肺炎、低氧气血症、肺栓塞、脑卒中、心律失常、心肌缺血或梗塞、心功能不全）发生率之间的差异。结果 双肺叶切除组病例术后30天死亡率为3.4%（6/176），单肺叶切除组病例为2.3 %（8/352），两者间差异无统计学意义；双肺叶切除组病例术后心肺并发症总体发病率为23.8%（42/176）高于单肺叶切除组10.7%（38/352），差异具有统计学意义；双肺叶切除组中下叶切除病例的心肺并发症发病率为26.5%（31/119）远高于单肺叶切除组4.9%（12/244）；而空间相关并发症双肺叶切除组与单肺叶切除组分别为20.4%（36/176）和17.3%（61/352），两者间差异无统计学意义。结论 右侧NSCLC双肺叶切除患者术后心肺相关并发症发生率高于单肺叶切除患者， 30天内死亡率与空间相关并发症发生率无明显差异。

Silicon nanoparticles are widely used in daily life. Therefore, they attract increased attention because of their potential biotoxicity to the lungs when inhaled. The aims of this study are to explore the organism distribution and genotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).The biodistribution of silica with different particle sizes in human bronchial epithelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA damage was detected by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay).TEM revealed that SiO₂ nanoparticles with different sizes can be uptaken by cells and be localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Compared with micro-silica, nano-silica in BEAS-2B cells can inflict more severe DNA damage (P0.05).The particle size of silica nanoparticles can be used to determine their distribution in biological cells. Compared with micro-silica, nano-silica has higher genotoxicity.

China's Xuan Wei County in Yunnan Province have the world's highest incidence of lung cancer in nonsmoking women-20 times higher than the rest of China. Previous studies showed, this high lung cancer incidence may be associated with the silica particles embedded in the production combustion from the C1 coal. The aim of this study is to separate the silica particles from production combustion from the C1 bituminous coal in Xuan Wei County of Yunnan Province, and study in vitro toxicity of naturally occurring silica particles on BEAS-2B.①Separating the silica particles from combustion products of C1 bituminous coal by physical method, observing the morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope, analysis elements by SEM-EDX, observed the single particle morphology by Transmission Electron Microscope, analyed its particle size distribution by Laser particle size analyzer, the surface area of silica particles were determined by BET nitrogen adsorption analysis; ②Cell viability of the experimental group (silica; naturally occurring), control group (silica; industrial produced and crystalline silica) was detected by assay used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined after 24 h-72 h exposed to these particles.①The physical method can separate silica particles from production combustion from the C1 bituminous coal, which have different size, and from 30 nm to 120 nm particles accounted for 86.8%, different morphology, irregular surface area and containing trace of aluminum, calcium and iron and other elements; ②Under the same concentration, the experiment group have higher toxicity on BEAS-2B than control groups.Physical method can separate silica particles from production combustion from the C1 bituminous coal and not change the original morphology and containing trace; ②Naturally occurring silica nanoparticles have irregular morphology, surface area, and containing complex trace elements may has greater toxicity than the silica nanoparticle of industrial produced and crystalline silica.