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The portion of early rupture of the membranes among 521 premature births from 1962 to 1971 was 43.4%. The statistically sure effects of the early rupture of the fetal membranes to some irregularities in pregnancy and delivery on 214 premature births are reported, compared with 202 premature births without early rupture of the membranes. Twins are not considered. The therapeutic management of that time in the hospital consisted of staying in bed without tokolytics or antibiotics. After premature rupture of fetal membranes occured very often: irregular obstetrical presentation, hemorrhage and fever during labour, cesarean section and forceps delivery; the perinatal morbidity was increased. From that aspects for prophylaxis and therapy were deduced.

Concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated in serum samples of 20 blood donors, 14 patients with benign mamma tumors, 44 patients with mastopathies and 33 patients with breast cancer disease. The proteins were determined by means of the single radial immunodiffusion and the polyethylene glycol precipitation. S-IgA serum concentrations of the cancer group compared with those of the benign tumors, were increased significantly (benign tumors: mean = 40.27 mg/l; s = 15.61; carcinoma disease: mean = 78.87 mg/l; s = 72.80). alpha 2-PAG serum concentrations of the cancer-and benign tumor group as well as the mastopathy group were also increased significantly in comparison with the blood donor group (blood donors: mean = 143.75 mg/l; s = 198.50; benign tumors: mean = 295.85 mg/l; s = 232.64; mastopathies: mean = 190.86 mg/l; s = 177.77; carcinoma disease: mean = 192.52 mg/l; s = 172.88).

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was assayed by radioimmunoassay in serum of 47 patients with cystic ovarian tumors, in 51 cases of cyst fluids of ovarian tumors and ovarian cysts, and in 16 cases of peritoneal effusions (ascites). In order to differentiate between cystic tumors and retentional cysts there was found, in consideration of a changed prevalence (0.65), a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 94%. The predictive value in regard to a positive assay result was 94% and in regard to a negative one was 53%. Elevated CEA-levels in ovarian tumor cyst fluids are mainly diagnostic for mucinous ovarian tumors. In regard to elevated CEA-levels in cyst fluids of ovarian tumors it is claimed the laparotomy and histological investigation.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was assayed by radio immunoassay in serum of 87 patients with breast cancer and 85 patients with benign breast tumors from 1983 to 1986. The sensitivity of 43%, the specificity of 89%, the predictive values in regard to a positive assay result of 75% and in regard to a negative assay result of 67% was determined in consideration of a changed prevalence. It is referred to the importance of the estimation of CEA in the individual diagnosis, monitoring and follow up of patients with breast cancer. It is claimed the follow up for the premature recording of a recurrency the aid of CEA-estimation in always the same technical variant at the same patient.

Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was assayed by enzyme immunoassay in serum from 32 patients with breast diseases (11 mastopathies, 6 benign tumors and 15 breast cancers). Healthy blood donors were used as control group. There were significant differences between the SP1-serum concentrations of patient group (mastopathies, benign tumors, breast cancer) and the control group (p less than 0.001). The SP1-values of the groups with mastopathies, benign tumors and breast cancer did not differ significantly. Elevated SP1-concentrations were found in 4 of 11 patients with mastopathy, in 3 of 6 patients with benign tumor and in 10 of 15 patients with breast cancer versus 1 of 24 blood donors. With the help of SP1 determination in serum of 5 breast cancer patients before operation and 6 months post operation we did not found a correlation with further clinical course.

Bacteriological tests were made of 606 blood cultures which had been obtained from 64 women in labour. Positive findings were recorded from 8.1 per cent, whereas another positive percentage established before delivery amounted to 4.7 only. The percentage of bacteriaemia findings was not substantively increased following electronic monitoring of childbirth. Beta-haemolysing streptococci were found to grow in 7.8 per cent of vaginal smear cultures taken from women in labour and in six per cent of cultures taken from newborns. Amniotic fluid was also bacteriologically tested during labour.

In the years 1983 to 1986 concentrations of CEA in serum samples of 63 female patients with endometrial cancer have been estimated with help of a radioimmunoassay. In all histopathological stages 25 per cent elevated CEA-concentrations could be found pretherapeutically. It is given the semilogarithmic representation of the CEA-values of the individual basic lines in the posttherapeutical follow up. Main field for estimations of CEA-concentrations in serum is only the performance of a posttherapeutical monitoring of the operated and irradiated endometrial cancer.

In the years of 1981 to 1983 15 pregnant patients had to be operated on because of suspected appendicitis. In 10 patients acute symptoms of inflammation of the appendix could be proved histologically. Morbidity rate was 2.1 per thousand related to a over-all of 4766 births in the 3 years.

We estimated serum levels of progesterone and the most important binding proteins in follicular and luteal phase at women without breast disease with biphasic or anovulatory cycle and female patients with benign or malignant breast diseases. There was an increase of the median value of acidic alpha-1-glycoprotein in the luteal phase at female patients with premenopausal breast cancer. The importance of serum levels of the bioavailable sexual steroids for the recognition of women with breast diseases is discussed.

The levels of total protein, Ig, AFP, beta-HCG, CEA, SC, SP1 and alpha 2-PAG were measured in cystic and peritoneal effusions obtained from 70 females with benign and malignant ovarian tumors. This study was carried out to test out parameters those are useful for tumor monitoring of ovarian cancer. Our results indicate that determining CEA in peritoneal effusions could be one of useful methods in tumor monitoring of mucinous cystadenocarcinomas in cases of known histology and praetherapeutic estimated CEA levels in cystic or peritoneal effusions. Our results demonstrate that CEA-levels greater than 100 micrograms/l are mostly found in mucinous cystadenocarcinomas and in mucinous cystadenomas, too. High cystic CEA levels support the histology aiming for demonstration of mucinous component.

There was the evaluation of circulating T-cells with the help of the E-rosette-assay in patients with breast cancer (n = 52), carcinoma of the cervix uteri (n = 29), carcinoma of the endometrium (n = 32) and carcinoma of the ovary (n = 7). Twenty seven healthy female blood donors were used as control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the total and active E-rosette values of the patients with tumours and the control group. Patients with breast cancer pT1N0 had significant lower total E-rosette values (Gpt/l) than patients with higher tumour stadium (p less than 0.05). The white blood cell count showed a statistically significant leucocytosis in cancer patient groups versus control persons (p less than 0.05).

It is reported on the prophylaxis of thromboembolic diseases with acetylsalicylic acid (Micristin) in gynaecological surgery. The number of thromboembolic complications clinically ascertained was diminished from 3,25% (without Micristin) to 0,82% (with Micristin). Side effects were rarely observed, laboratory control was not necessary, Low-dose-heparin-prophylaxis were executed on contraindications and incompatibilities of Micristin. The perioperative use of low doses of heparin combined with postoperative use of oral anticoagulants on patients with increased risk of thromboembolism are discussed.

The E rosette test was made at 35 women with disturbances in early pregnancy (gestational weeks 8 to 12). 61 women with normal pregnancy and 33 nonpregnant women were taken as control persons. There were no significant differences between procentual and absolute numbers of E rosettes of women with deranged pregnancy, of women with normal pregnancy and nonpregnant women. We did not learn to differentiate between Abortus imminens (with intact pregnancy) and real occurred fetal death by the E rosette test. Pregnant women had higher leucocyte values and procentual lymphocyte rates than nonpregnant women.

Placental Protein 12 (PP 12) concentrations were measured by a radioimmunoassay in cyst and peritoneal fluids and in serum samples respectively of patients with tumor like conditions and benign and malignant cystic ovarian tumours. PP 12 can not recommended as a serum tumour marker in ovarian cancer. It must be proved the value of PP 12 in follow up of ovarian cancer with help of more extensive sample material. There are many cysts in tumour like conditions with measurable PP 12-concentrations.