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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Der Artikel untersucht die Bedeutung der sogenannten Legal Technologies für die Sozialpolitik und das Sozialrecht in Deutschland. Auf der Basis einer empirischen Untersuchung entwickelt er eine Typologie von Anbietern digitaler Rechtsdienstleistungen und diskutiert ihre Bedeutung sowie die Implikationen für das Politikfeld. Die Hauptthese des Textes lautet, dass neue Geschäftsmodelle für digitale Rechtsdienstleistungen Konzentrationsprozesse befördern, die auch auf anderen Online-Märkten zu beobachten sind. Sie fordern die bisherigen anwaltlichen Strategien der Positionierung und Kooperation heraus und können Zugänge zum Recht so verändern, dass Rückwirkungen auf das Feld der Sozialpolitik zu erwarten sind. This paper deals with the transformation of the market for legal services in Germany which has been fostered by digitalization. Legal technology has opened up a new market for digital legal services which also affects social policy and social law. Based on empirical research, the paper presents a typology of digital legal service providers who challenge established market positions of lawyers in social law. It discusses to what extent the transformation of this market is similar to other internet markets and what might be the implications of this development for social policy and social law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the provisions of a strategy paper commissioned by the European State Secretaries on April 14, 1989 and its focus on the problem of "mittelbare Disckriminierung" (indirect discrimination) and the principle of territoriality in social policy. In particular the topic of the influence European policy on German social policy is investigated for its political and financial implications.

The article focuses on the restructuration of immigrant pensions and foreign pension law in West Germany and the procedure in the case of a loss of papers. In particular, the "Fremdrenten- und Auslandsrenten-Gesetz" (FAG; Immigrant Pension and Foreign Pension Law) are discussed. Details outlined include pension insurance for immigrants, supplementary insurance, and the recalculation of insurance benefits.

The article presents an outline of steps to be taken to achieve a unified social policy governing East Germany (DDR) and the Federal Republic (BRD). The steps include social security financial transfers, the economic growth of the DDR, stabilizing of the labor market and unemployment, braking the migration of DDR citizens to the BRD, and the promotion of employment and a common social security program.

The article presents several recommendations for alleviating unemployment in Germany in a petition from a group sponsored by Ulrich Wilckens, Bishop for Holstein-Lübeck. Among the suggestions are a tax break for new businesses, middle and lower class tax reductions, reinvestment of business profits, preferential hiring of young workers, minimization of the costs of doing business, and flextime in employment.

The article discusses a February 1972 seminar on the theme of "Der Allgemeine Teil des Sozialgesetzbuches" ("The General Section of the Social Security Law Code"). A welcoming address by Dr. Wilhelm Wertenbruch is presented in which he reviews personnel deficits and the need for interdisciplinary approaches. Five speaker presentations follow the welcoming address.

Staatliche Sozialleistungen können, je nach Gestaltung des Leistungszugangs, Arbeitsanreize schwächen oder stärken. Eine Schwächung ergibt sich, wenn Leistungsbezug als Alternative zu Erwerbstätigkeit in Frage kommt; eine Stärkung, wenn Leistungen an Verpflichtungen zur Arbeitssuche und Arbeitsaufnahme gekoppelt sind. Aus diesen Gründen ist die Gestaltung von Arbeitsanreizen durch Sozialpolitik für Arbeitgeber relevant. Dieser Beitrag untersucht durch historische Fallstudien von sechs sozialpolitischen Reformen, welche Rolle die Spitzenverbände der Arbeitgeber Arbeitsanreizen in der Sozialpolitik beimaßen sowie wie sich diese Einschätzungen im Zeitverlauf veränderten. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Verbände eine Reduktion des Arbeitskräfteangebots durch Sozialpolitik, je nach Arbeitsmarktlage, entweder negativ oder positiv bewerteten. Dort, wo die Verbände eine Schwächung von Arbeitsanreizen als problematisch wahrnahmen, variierte die Intensität dieser Befürchtungen mit der Arbeitsmarktnähe des jeweiligen Programms. Public social benefits can, depending on their design, either reduce or strengthen work incentives. Benefits that provide an alternative to earned income weaken work incentives, benefits that are linked to requirements to seek and accept work strengthen them. On the basis of six historical case studies, this paper analyses how the peak federations of German employers perceived the impact of public social programs on work incentives and how these perceptions changed over time. The paper shows how employers' assessments of the importance of work incentives changed over time: They perceived the negative work incentives created by social programs either as positive or as negative, depending on labor market conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Entwickelte Wohlfahrtsstaaten stehen aktuell vor schwierigen demografischen, ökonomischen und finanziellen Herausforderungen. Ein vielfach vorgeschlagener Weg, um mit diesen Herausforderungen umzugehen, ist die Etablierung von Sozialinvestitionsstaaten. Wiewohl diese Option zur Reformierung traditioneller Wohlfahrtsstaaten generell positiv rezipiert wird, bleibt unklar, was Sozialinvestitionen genau sind. Aufgrund divergierender Abgrenzungen kommen empirische Studien zur Entwicklung von Sozialinvestitionen zu mitunter unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. In diesem Artikel schlagen wir eine Konzeptualisierung von Sozialinvestitionen vor, die wir aus der ökonomischen Humankapitaltheorie ableiten. In diesem Sinn definieren wir sozialpolitische Maßnahmen, welche die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von Personen erhöhen (wollen), Menschen nachhaltig in den Erwerbsarbeitsmarkt integrieren (wollen) und/oder in das Humankapital von (zukünftigen) Arbeitskräften investieren (wollen), als sozialinvestive Maßnahmen. Wir zeigen Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede unseres relativ engen Abgrenzungsvorschlags mit in der Literatur bislang verwendeten Konzeptualisierungen auf und leiten auf dieser Basis Stärken und Schwächen unseres Ansatzes ab. A variety of different challenges threatens the success and sustainability of developed welfare states. An often-proposed strategy of tackling demographic, economic or financial challenges is transforming traditional social security states into social investment states. Despite a positive reception of this reform option it remains unclear, which social policies qualify as social investment policies. Due to different interpretations, empirical analyses have led to contradicting results. In this paper, we propose a conceptualization that derives from economic human capital theory. Only social policy measures that (attempt to) enhance the employability of people, integrate people sustainably into the paid labour market and/or invest in human capital are regarded as social investment measures. We illustrate strengths and weaknesses of this narrow conceptualization of social investment measures as compared to those used in empirical analyses so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Ereignisse seit dem Ausbruch der Großen Rezession haben gezeigt, dass die soziale Dimension der EU eine entscheidende Bedeutung für die Stabilität und politische Legitimation der EU einnimmt. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Rolle und das Potenzial der sozialinvestiven Perspektive auf den Wohlfahrtsstaat für die Weiterentwicklung des europäischen Integrationsprojekts. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt die Kerngedanken dieses sozialpolitischen Ansatzes erläutert und ihre Bedeutung mit Blick auf die EU und insbesondere auf die Währungsunion beleuchtet. In einem zweiten Schritt wird analysiert, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß der sozialinvestive Ansatz im politischen Prozess der EU verankert ist, wobei der Fokus auf den jüngsten Entwicklungen und Initiativen liegt. The events since the outbreak of the Great Recession have shown that the social dimension of the EU is crucial for its future economic stability and political legitimacy. This paper examines the role and potential of the social investment perspective on the welfare state for the further development of the European integration project. The first part is devoted to an exposition of the social investment approach and to a critical appraisal of its significance for the EU and particularly for the Monetary Union. In the second part, the form and extent to which the social investment approach is anchored in the EU political process is analyzed, with a focus on recent developments and initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impacts of a German Social Law reform on the perceived quality of long-term home care. Taking a welfare economics perspective, an improved legal performance in addressing the personal needs of people depending on long-term care was found. Finally, recommendations to better adjust home care to the individual needs are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We carried out comparative case studies in eleven German companies and conducted interviews with male employees caring for an elderly parent. The overwhelming majority of the sons claim not to have problems in reconciling work and care, although they spend significant time at care work. In the paper we try to explain this pattern by looking at their typical work and care arrangements. We show that male care is organized all around full time employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ein zentrales Element wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Tätigkeit ist Umverteilung. Familie stellt dabei ein wichtiges Kriterium in der Umverteilung europäischer Wohlfahrtsstaaten dar. Bisher wurde Familie als eigenständiges Prinzip wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Umverteilung jedoch kaum analysiert. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht auf Basis des europäischen Simulationsmodells EUROMOD am Fallbeispiel Deutschland, in welchem Ausmaß Familie Ressourcen gewährt bzw. von ihr eingefordert werden. Umverteilung in Bezug auf Familie wird also in Hinblick auf Rechte und Pflichten analysiert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der deutsche Wohlfahrtsstaat in Bezug auf Familie als Umverteilungsprinzip komplexer ist als gemeinhin angenommen. Zwar bestätigt unsere Studie, dass der deutsche Wohlfahrtsstaat verheiratete Paare finanziell besonders unterstützt, zugleich wird jedoch deutlich, dass die wohlfahrtsstaatliche Umverteilung von zahlreichen familienbezogenen Kriterien abhängt und bei der konkreten Zuweisung von Ressourcen mittels spezifischer Umverteilungsregelungen systematisch nach Familienformen unterschieden wird. Die wohlfahrtsstaatliche Umverteilung ist somit geprägt von ungleichen Zuweisungen und Einforderungen von Ressourcen, abhängig von der Familienform, in der man lebt. Die Studie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Analyse wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Umverteilungslogiken. Central to welfare states is redistribution. One of the important criteria of redistribution in European welfare states is family. But so far, family has hardly been analysed as a redistributive principle of the welfare state. This study analyses for the case of Germany in how far resources are granted and requested from family by welfare state regulations. Consequently, redistribution in terms of family is analysed covering both rights and obligations. The study is based on the European simulation model EUROMOD. The findings show that the German welfare state is, in terms of family as a redistributive principle, more complex than generally expected. The study confirms that the German welfare state financially supports married couples in a particularly advantageous way. At the same time, though, we see that welfare state redistribution depends on numerous family-based criteria and that the concrete allocation of resources by means of specific regulations systematically differs depending on the family form. Welfare state redistribution, in other words, is characterized by an unequal granting and request of resources, depending on the family form one lives in. This study contributes to the analysis of the redistributive logics of the welfare state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Der Artikel analysiert die sogenannten Überbrückungsleistungen (nach § 23 Abs. 3 SGB XII), welche in Deutschland lebende mittellose EU-Bürger/-innen, die keinen Rechtsanspruch auf Grundsicherung für Arbeitssuchende oder Sozialhilfe haben, für einen begrenzten Zeitraum als Übergangsgeld erhalten können. Die Leistung soll dieser Personengruppe eine minimale soziale Unterstützung für einen begrenzten Zeitraum, vornehmlich bis zur Ausreise aus Deutschland, bieten. Der Artikel analysiert die Umsetzung dieser Leistungen. Ziel ist ein Abgleich zwischen Intentionen des Gesetzgebers und gelebter Praxis sowie eine Diskussion der sozialpolitischen Folgen für Leistungsbezieher/-innen, die unter anderem durch die Verschränkung von Sozial- und EU-Freizügigkeitsrecht entstehen. Neben einem Überblick über die Gesetzlage und deren politischen Hintergrund gewährt der Artikel daher Einblicke in die Gewährungspraxis und Inanspruchnahme der Leistung. Die Ergebnisse der hierfür durchgeführten qualitativen Erhebung offenbaren unterschiedliche Praktiken und Umsetzungsdefizite, die auf einen Mangel an praktischen Erfahrungen, Rechtsunsicherheiten sowie bürokratische Hürden in der Antragsstellung zurückzuführen sind. Insgesamt kommt der Artikel zu dem Schluss, dass Überbrückungsleistungen, wie bereits im Gesetz angelegt, keine soziale Mindestabsicherung mittelloser EU-Bürger/-innen darstellen, auch wenn sie gelegentlich zur Überbrückung einer finanziellen beziehungsweise sozialen Notlage beitragen. Ferner wird durch die oft restriktive Umsetzungspraxis die Prekarisierung der Zielgruppe verstärkt, sodass Überbrückungsleistungen de facto eine Verschränkung von Sozialleistungsbezug und Migrationssteuerung darstellen und als Instrument der Migrationskontrolle im freizügigen Europa gewertet werden können. This article provides an overview of the politics, law and practice behind the so-called transitional assistance which foreigners living in Germany who have no legal entitlement to regular social assistance can receive for a limited period of time. This newly introduced benefit is meant to offer temporary economic support until they leave Germany. However, little is known about its implementation since its introduction in December 2016. This article provides an overview of the political and legal background of the law and draws on a smallscale qualitative study to provide first insights into benefit uptake and implementation. The findings indicate a very wide variation in implementation, and legal and bureaucratic hurdles to access benefits. Moreover, the study demonstrates that transitional assistance is intentionally too low to guarantee minimum social support and that it has become a new means of migration control within free movement Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erwerbsformen sind schon seit geraumer Zeit in Bewegung. Vor allem die vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis abweichenden Vertragsformen, wie z. B. Teilzeitbeschäftigung oder befristete Arbeitsverträge, legten in der langen Frist zu. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht vor diesem Hintergrund zwei Fragen nach: Gibt es in den letzten drei Dekaden wirklich einen Trend, der auf eine neue Normalität in der Verteilung der Erwerbsformen schließen lässt? Gingen die Veränderungen eher mit einer Umverteilung von Beschäftigung oder mit einer Erschließung zusätzlicher Beschäftigtengruppen einher? Die auf dem Mikrozensus des Statistischen Bundesamtes basierenden Ergebnisse zeigen zunächst, dass sich die Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Erwerbsformen nicht als kontinuierlich erwiesen haben. In den Jahren des anhaltenden Beschäftigungsaufschwungs vor der aktuellen Corona-Krise hatten sich die vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis abweichenden Beschäftigungsformen sogar wieder leicht zurückgebildet. Die Betrachtung des Verhältnisses von Erwerbsformen und Erwerbsbevölkerung legt weiter nahe, dass der Wandel der Erwerbsformen in der Gruppe der sog. „Kernerwerbstätigen" (25–64-Jährige) nicht mit einer direkten Substitution einhergegangen ist. Ansonsten hätten die Erwerbstätigenquoten der Normalarbeitsverhältnisse für diese Altersgruppe nicht gleichzeitig zunehmen dürfen. Diese Aussage gilt aber den Analysen zufolge nicht für alle Altersgruppen. Sie trifft ausschließlich auf ältere Erwerbstätige zu, deren Arbeitsmarktpartizipation im Untersuchungszeitraum ohnehin deutlich zulegte. Bei den jüngeren Altersgruppen hat der Aufwuchs bei der Teilzeitbeschäftigung die Normalarbeitsverhältnisse jedoch leicht zurückgedrängt. Ob sich daraus Kohorteneffekte ergeben, ist aus heutiger Sicht offen Der Autor dankt zum einen den anonymen Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern für die wertvollen Hinweise. Zum anderen dankt er Daniel Giehl für die tatkräftige Unterstützung bei der Auswertung der Mikrozensus-Daten und der Zusammenstellung der Literatur.. Forms of employment are in a process of permanent flux. Especially non-standard types of employment grew in importance over time. This finding addresses two questions: Is there a continuous trend of erosion concerning standard work during the last three decades? Does the process of change go along with shifts within employment or is it associated with the creation of more employment? First of all, the results based on the German Labour Force Survey show that the erosion process cannot be seen as a cast-iron rule. Particularly during the period until entering the Corona-Crises, which was characterised by strong employment growth, non-standard work decreased. The development of the relationship between forms of employment and the labour force suggests that changes do in general not go along with a substitution of other employment, at least as employment of core workers (25–64 years) is concerned. Otherwise, the employment rates of standard employment could not have increased for this group of workers. However, further analyses show that this statement is not true for all age groups. Whereas it is valid for older workers, who participated in the labour market more strongly during the period under consideration. By contrast, we observe that for younger workers the growth of part-employment was at the expense of standard employment. How far this implies cohort effects is still an open question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reflects on the timeliness of Ulrich Mückenberger's 1985 paper on the erosion of the normal employment relations involving the European and German cultural model of a one-earner, male dominated family unit. The interim growth of atypical employment, contract work, gender role emancipation, intermittent work, and a potentially precarious worker existence and its remedies are discussed.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)