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103 patients with 106 Muller straight stem prostheses could be evaluated clinically and radiologically after an average follow-up period of 6.8 years (range 5 to 10 ys.). Although until now no revision for aseptic loosening has become necessary 3 p.c. of the stems and 11 p.c. of the acetabular components showed radiological loosening. The clinical results were rated as satisfactory. After surgery 67 p.c. of the patients were completely painfree, 28 p.c. still had slight pain, 4 p.c. moderate and 1 p.c. severe pain. The investigation concentrated particularly on radiographic changes of the interface of the femur. Whereas radiolucency typically was non-progressive and located in the proximal part of the femur we found an increasing atrophy of the cortical bone on the calcar. Moreover, we found a continuous and increasing subsidence of the stem during the whole period of observation. At the time of follow up 56 p.c. of the straight stems had subsided about 2 mm and more. Calcar atrophy and radiolucency were significantly less present in femurs with a tapered medullary canal than in those with a cylindrical shape.

The DEXA-method allows for bone mineral density measurements of different regions of the skeletal system. It is known that results obtained from the spine with this two-dimensional method may be biased in cases of spondylosis, spondylarthritis, and compression fractures; similarly biased results can be expected at the proximal femur due to morphometric peculiarities. The influence of anteversion and rotation of the femoral neck has been investigated in the present study. The results indicate that errors due to rotation as occurring in incorrect positioning or in arthrogenic variabilities mainly have effects on measurements of Ward's triangle: The average measurement error at 20 degrees external rotation amounts to 33.8% with a maximum of 66.5%. Measurements of the trochanteric region and of femoral neck region show a variation of 6.2% and 9.7%, respectively.

Femoral anteversion, anteversion of the acetabulum and tibial torsion of 47 patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip were determined by computerized tomography. From all these parameters only the anteversion of the acetabulum showed differing values in hips with and without osteoarthritis. There was a considerable range at the individual measured values in all parameters and differences between the male and female groups could be found in femoral anteversion and anteversion of the acetabulum.

Lateral displacement of the femoral head was measured by the radiographs of 71 patients suffering from Perthes' disease. It is reported to be an early sign of the disease. Also it represents subluxation of the head of the femur, which is well accepted for a not favourable outcome. At the time of diagnosis average widening of the medial joint space was 1.9 mm. During the course of the disease the joint space was at its maximum width during fragmentation stage. A relation between lateral displacement and the extent of the disease could be shown, what suggests an importance in pathogenesis. Swelling of the soft tissues within the fossa acetabuli has been related to lateral displacement. On abduction films the femoral head could be demonstrated to migrate deeper into the acetabulum in those cases, when flattening of the femoral head was present. The consequences for the course and therapy of the disease is discussed.

This paper presents the results of histologic studies conducted in the context of tenosynovectomy of the flexor tendons to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. The most common findings were inflammatory changes of the synovial sheath, vascular pathology and fibrous changes of the connective tissue.

The DEXA-method allows for bone mineral density measurements of different regions of the skeletal system. It is known that results obtained from the spine with this two-dimensional method may be biased in cases of spondylosis, spondylarthritis, and compression fractures; similarly biased results can be expected at the proximal femur due to morphometric peculiarities. The influence of anteversion and rotation of the femoral neck has been investigated in the present study. The results indicate that errors due to rotation as occurring in incorrect positioning or in arthrogenic variabilities mainly have effects on measurements of Ward's triangle: The average measurement error at 20 degrees external rotation amounts to 33.8% with a maximum of 66.5%. Measurements of the trochanteric region and of femoral neck region show a variation of 6.2% and 9.7%, respectively.

103 patients with 106 Müller straight stem prostheses could be evaluated clinically and radiologically after an average follow-up period of 6.8 years (range 5 to 10 ys.). Although until now no revision for aseptic loosening has become necessary 3 p.c. of the stems and 11 p.c. of the acetabular components showed radiological loosening. The clinical results were rated as satisfactory. After surgery 67 p.c. of the patients were completely painfree, 28 p.c. still had slight pain, 4 p.c. moderate and 1 p.c. severe pain. The investigation concentrated particularly on radiographic changes of the interface of the femur. Whereas radiolucency typically was non-progressive and located in the proximal part of the femur we found an increasing atrophy of the cortical bone on the calcar. Moreover, we found a continuous and increasing subsidence of the stem during the whole period of observation. At the time of follow up 56 p.c. of the straight stems had subsided about 2 mm and more. Calcar atrophy and radiolucency were significantly less present in femurs with a tapered medullary canal than in those with a cylindrical shape.

This paper presents the results of histologic studies conducted in the context of tenosynovectomy of the flexor tendons to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. The most common findings were inflammatory changes of the synovial sheath, vascular pathology and fibrous changes of the connective tissue.

Femoral anteversion, anteversion of the acetabulum and tibial torsion of 47 patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis of the hip were determined by computerized tomography. From all these parameters only the anteversion of the acetabulum showed differing values in hips with and without osteoarthritis. There was a considerable range at the individual measured values in all parameters and differences between the male and female groups could be found in femoral anteversion and anteversion of the acetabulum.

Lateral displacement of the femoral head was measured by the radiographs of 71 patients suffering from Perthes' disease. It is reported to be an early sign of the disease. Also it represents subluxation of the head of the femur, which is well accepted for a not favourable outcome. At the time of diagnosis average widening of the medial joint space was 1.9 mm. During the course of the disease the joint space was at its maximum width during fragmentation stage. A relation between lateral displacement and the extent of the disease could be shown, what suggests an importance in pathogenesis. Swelling of the soft tissues within the fossa acetabuli has been related to lateral displacement. On abduction films the femoral head could be demonstrated to migrate deeper into the acetabulum in those cases, when flattening of the femoral head was present. The consequences for the course and therapy of the disease is discussed.