Search

Zusammenfassung Dieser Aufsatz behandelt ‚keltisches‘ Material in vier römischen Militärdiplomen. Die genaue Herkunft von dreien dieser Diplome ist unbekannt, sie stehen aber sicher mit der unteren Donau in Verbindung, während das vierte in Dakien (Neuschloß/Gherla, Rumänien) gefunden wurde. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Interpretation der sprachlich keltischen Personennamen, die in diesen vier Texten belegt sind, und weitergehende Beobachtungen zu der Mobilität innerhalb des römischen Reiches von Einzelpersonen aus keltischsprachigen Gebieten werden angeführt.

Dieser Aufsatz behandelt eine Reihe von Problemen, die in der vermutlich keltischen Onomastik auf venetischen Inschriften auftreten. In diesem Zusammenhang werden hier neben der eigentlichen etymologischen Analyse eine Reihe von Fragen bezüglich des Verlusts von /p/ im Keltischen, des frühkeltischen Akzents, Anlautgruppen, Wortstellung, Schemata der Bildung komponierter Nomina agentis, Fehlwahrnehmungen oder unerwarteter phonemischer Interpretationen fremder Formen durch einheimische Schreiber sowie areallinguistischer Phänomene wie des Verlusts von intervokalischem -u̯- und -s- behandelt.

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag diskutiert eine Reihe von „neuen” keltischen Personennamen in der römischen Epigraphik Pannoniens. Die Namen sind aus archäologischen Veröffentlichungen bekannt, wurden aber in der vergleichenden Keltologie bisher nicht behandelt. Beispiele aus der lateinischen Inschrift aus Aquincum werden diskutiert, und eine Anzahl von kürzlich gefundenen Inschriften (z. B. aus dem Gebiet Komárom-Esztergom) werden als Comparanda für die bekannten Beispiele verwendet. Das Denkmal aus Odra (im heutigen Kroatien), das Titus Flavius Ateboduus, Sohn von Aterix enthält, wird eingehend analysiert, und Aspekte der “keltischen“ Präsenz in diesem Teil von Pannonien werden angesprochen.

In early Celtic literature, a clear pattern may be identified in which the Celtic archetypal poet-prophet becomes inspired through interment in a tomb or some other dark, enclosed space. In this scenario, the novice poet-prophet undergoes an initiation into the secrets of his craft by means of a ritual death and rebirth that he experiences within a chthonic setting. The picture that emerges of the archetypal poet-prophet of Celtic, as well as other Indo-European literatures, is one of a mantically inspired figure who gains his phenomenal abilities directly from potent otherworldly forces, which are often, but not always, associated with spirits of the dead. Recent scholarship has established the validity of this pattern in the cases of the archetypal Welsh poets Taliesin and Aneirin, but it may also be demonstrated in the medieval Welsh and somewhat later Arthurian material concerned with Merlin (called

On the strength of forms such as the ones cited below, scholars posit, doubtless correctly, a verbal theme *

The second branch of the Mabinogi, the story of

Among the etymological puzzles presented to Indo-Europeanists by the Celtic languages is the origin of the first and second person plural independent (or absolute) personal pronouns (1 pl. OIr.

In the Old Irish sources there are some fragments which might be regarded as elements of an obsolete dual system. After the Second Battle of Mag Tuired the world was divided into two parts: the first one, being under the hills, the

To begin with, the reconstruction of the Celtic Otherworld concept is quite a complicated task, and our present paper is, in fact, nothing but a modest attempt to approach this question. Unfortunately, we do not possess any written evidence of what the cosmogony and eschatology of Celts might look like. The reasons for this striking gap have always been under discussion, but out of the frame of our research. Altogether, we undoubtedly have to mention that the very fact of the lack of “Otherworld information” both in written and folklore sources has always been regarded as a loss, and not as primary absence of such an important feature of national mentality. This approach presumes the possibility of reconstruction.

The focus of this enquiry is the concept of sacral kingship, as it is presented in the early Insular mythic literature, from the perspective of its possible genesis in cult perceptions belonging to the pre-Christian Roman period, in western Europe, as expressed in religious imagery. Within the iconographic repertoire of Gaul and Britain, there is significant – albeit circumstantial – ‘ancestral’ evidence for the theme of sacral kingship, and I hope to show close linkages between the presentation of certain Gallo-British imagery and specific aspects of the Irish tradition. In the main part of this paper, I will explore the iconographic themes that appear to express such linkages. I should emphasise that, for the Roman period, we have no primary documents explaining the nature of cult-expression; so the images themselves have to be treated as texts, with all the ambiguities which such treatment inevitably involves. In the final part of the paper, I will offer models of explanation for the presence of genuine connections between Gallo-British iconography and the later mythic tradition of Ireland and possible mechanisms by which such connections might have operated.