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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to expedite the transition of the Yellow River Simulator into the operational phase and quickly make use of its positive role in the difficulties of water resources shortage, economic imbalance and ecological fragility in the Yellow River Basin, an intelligent calculation method system for the Yellow River Simulator had been thoroughly sorted out and implemented. Drawing upon the concept of intelligent computing, the vital importance of the Yellow River Simulator’s intelligent computing was articulated from the perspectives of data storage and preprocessing, simulation computing power, and swift responsiveness, as well as its significance in ecological conservation and management, efficient water resources utilization and disaster evaluation and mitigation. Based on the architectural framework of the Yellow River Simulator, four branches of intelligent computing methods, namely biomimetic intelligent computing, machine learning, fuzzy computing and intelligent computation were summarized in detail. Envisioning the transformative potential of intelligent computation methodologies for the Yellow River Simulator, this paper explored its huge application prospects in development planning, disaster management and resources allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1950 s, the planning of Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River has been nearly 70 years old. In the long-term demonstration process, relevant departments and local governments put forward a number of different development schemes according to the situation and research results in different periods. In view of the different viewpoints of different subjects on the functional orientation and development scheme of the river reach, no decision has been made so far. This paper reviewed the main planning demonstration process of Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River. From the point of view of ensuring the long-term safety of the Yellow River water resources and building the national water network system of “four-horizontal and three-vertical”, this paper puts forward some opinions on the possible development schemes and the issues that need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to scientifically analyze the coordination degree between various water use processes, this paper proposed the coordination degree indicator to quantify the multiple water use process coordination degree based on the competition and cooperation relationship of multiple water users. Taking the Yellow River Basin as the study area, this paper quantified the long-term evolution process of cooperation degree, competition degree and coordination degree among 3 water use processes ( off-stream water supply, in-stream sediment transport water and instream ecological water). The results show that during 1988-2019, the cooperation degree is low ( mean value 0.06) while the competition degree is high ( mean value 0.33) ; the coordination degree changes between 0.10-0.82 ( mean value 0.46) ; the coordination degree shows a trend of increasing-decreasing-increasing after 2002, and the mutation points are 2012 and 2016; natural runoff, unified water regulation and reservoir operation mode impact the coordination degree of multiple water use processes in the Yellow River Basin. Under the influence of runoff attenuation and water use growth, the low coordination degree of multiple water use processes will exist for a long time in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the multi-polar coupling mid-long term prediction method based on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was introduced into the upper reaches of the Yellow River where China's water resources are relatively scarce. A mid-long term prediction model for the inflow runoff of Longyangxia Reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yellow River was constructed based on SST. The influence factors that dominate the runoff in the upper reaches of the Yellow River were found. The case study shows that the model built in this paper significantly reduces the forecast error (the forecast error decreases from -21% to -2.5% during the period from April to June 2018), which verifies the rationality of the model, the effectiveness of introducing the new technology and the stability of forecasting accuracy. It provides reference for other projects of medium and long-term runoff forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Affected by the rare autumn rain in West China, severe autumn floods occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in 2021. In the face of the flood situation, in accordance with the principle of “system, overall planning, science and safety”, with the concept of comprehensively balancing flood storage and release space and reasonable sharing of flood risk as the dispatching concept, through the fine dispatching water project, Huayuankou twice more than 10000 m³/s flood had been reduced to about 4800 m³/s, successfully fighting the autumn flood. During the autumn flood season, there were no major dangers, major disasters or casualties, ensuring the safe flow of flood waters into the sea, preventing the displacement of 1.4 million people and the inundation of 266 thousand hectares of farmland in the downstream flood-plain, and ensuring the safety of people’s lives and property in the downstream flood-plain. This paper briefly introduced the situation of autumn flood control in 2021, summarized the concept of this flood control, and put forward the understanding of doing a good job in autumn flood control and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the autumn flood season of 2021, rainstorms occurred frequently in the main and tributaries of the Yellow River, and three numbered floods followed, with rare flood history. This paper summarized the characteristics of this autumn flood from the aspects of rainfall, water, flood and reservoir operation and lists historical autumn floods for comparison. Around the three numbered floods of the Yellow River, through the changes of inflow and outflow and water level of Sanmenxia, Xiaolangdi, Luhun, Guxian and Hekoucun reservoirs in the regulating process, it was calculated that the peak clipping of the "five-reservoir joint regulation" in the three floods was 49.29%, 46.10% and 47.84% respectively. The flood detention effect was Xiaolangdi > Sanmenxia > Guxian > Luhun > Hekoucun. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the local river flat flow in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is less than 5,000 m³/s, which is the most critical factor restricting reservoir operation and downstream flood control safety. Suggestions are put forward to improve the flood capacity of the lower reaches of the river at the bayou section so as to open the operation space of cascade reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most parts of the Yellow River basin are located in the dry and semi-dry area. In order to meet the national strategy requirements of ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River basin, the water resources must be regarded as the maximum rigid constraint in economic and social development so that the social efficiency of limited water resources can be maximized. For relieving a tense water supply in the basin, legislation on economic and intensive use system of water resources should be made. Thus, the paper systematically summarized the relative water resources economic and intensive use systems at the levels of nation, basin and provinces （regions). These systems were further grouped by the four systems of total water use control, quota management, economic incentives and supervision and check-up. The problems raised during the implementation process of the four systems were analyzed. It put forward five legislative suggestions, including defining the rights and obligations between watershed management institutions and local government, strict water intake permit management, establishing a mandatory water quota system, improving the market incentive mechanism and improving the supervision and evaluation system for the economical and intensive use of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir with Sanmenxia Reservoir and tributary reservoirs after the completion of Xiaolangdi Reservoir marks the basic completion of the downstream flood control and disaster reduction project system. However, for the Yellow River beach area, which has always been emphasized as the space for flood detention and sediment deposition, the reservoir flood control operation has set the goal of ensuring that the beach area is not filled with water for many years. Taking the autumn flood in recent four years, including 2021, as an example, this paper showed that it was more difficult to block and stagger the peak of the reservoir after the superposition of a variety of adverse factors, especially when the inflow of trunk tributaries was encountered. In order to solve this problem, it was considered that under the specific restriction of Huayuankou flow. Sanmenxia Reservoir should be allowed to stop the flood, transition to the non flood season pool level in advance, help Xiaolangdi Reservoir reserve the storage capacity under the maximum allowable water level, and skillfully stagger the flood discharge. When necessary, the temporary storage water level of Sammenxia Reservoir could break through to reduce the safe ty risk of high water level of Xiaolangdi dam. In addition, under the current situation that the amount of sediment entering the reservoir de creased greatly. The operation mode of Sanmenxia Reservoir should be adjusted and improved, strive to make this pearl of the Yellow River shine again, improve the downstream flood control engineering system, give play to the role of optimizing the allocation of water resources, and provide safety guarantee for downstream flood control, disaster reduction and high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher requirements for the protection and management of the Yellow River were put forward, and also new opportunities for the development were provided in the Yellow river Basin following the established strategy of the ecological protection and high-quality development of Yellow river Basin. In this paper, the present situation of water security was analyzed, the connotation of high-quality development was discussed and the main problems existing in water security and high-quality development was summmarized in the Yellow River Basin; then, the ideas for the water security and high-quality development of the Yellow River were discussed and the corresponding suggestions were proposed. The main problems of water security and high-quality development in the Yellow River are shortage of water resources, frequent floods and uncoordinated relationship between water and sediment, serious soil erosion and fragile water ecological environment, deficient water resources operation and regional water supply project and weak cooperative management ability of the river basin. Focusing on the issues discussed above, the ideas were put forward from six aspects including disaster prevention and mitigation, water network optimization, ecological protection and restoration, efficient use of water resources, basin management capacity and scientific support. Meanwhile, suggestions were proposed based on strategic planning promotion, development plans formulation, technological innovation and support enhance, institutional innovation exploration, ecological conservation and restoration plan boost and the rule of law promotion, which provided references for water security and high-quality development of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking water resources as the maximum rigid constraint has become the inevitable requirement for strengthening water resources conservation, intension, scheduling and management in the Yellow River and promoting high-quality economic and social development under the new situation. On the basis of analyzing the situation and main crux of water resources management in the Yellow River, aiming at the problems of congenital water shortage, over-exploitation of water resources, excessive water use, low efficiency of water use and weak awareness of water saving in the basin, this paper put forward a two-step path of economical and intensive scheduling and management of water resources. Through the strict dynamic supervision of water withdrawal, the bi-directional efforts of constraint inve rsion on the demand side and optimization and upgrading on the supply side should be strengthened. Then, the rigid constraint of water resources should be implemented in five aspects of mission responsibility, bottom line thinking, legal system, precision management and informatization, so as to promote the transformation of water use mode, and promote the adaptation of economic and social development to water resources carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the ice flood disaster in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River is relatively serious, so it is urgent to make a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the impact factors of the ice flood disaster and compact the ice flood disaster early warning index. This paper adopted data analysis and induction method to analyze the four factors affecting the flood season disaster, the data of four typical hydrological stations in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River from 1957 to 2020 were selected, the characteristics of air temperature, water level, ice density and ice thickness were analyzed and determined the temperature, the density of water, ice, ice thickness as early warning indexes. According to the results of data analysis, quantitative warning indicators were used to determine the corresponding warning threshold, dividing into four warning levels of blue, yellow, orange and red, which could provide basis for making a scientific and effective emergency plan and reducing economic loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The warping dams and reservoirs have been an important factor accounting for sediment reducing of the Yellow River. Through lots of investigation and research during ten years, this paper figured out their quantity and its temporal-spatial distribution and calculated the sediment amount intercepted by dams during the past different periods and played back the sediment production situation along the past 100 years. The results show that the sediment quantity intercepted by dams from 1970 to 1979 is the maximum in the last 100 years and the total is 0.5 billion t/a and then it is gradually decreased. From 2010 to 2019, the warping dams and reservoirs intercept 0.273 billion t/a of sediment in total. After restoring the intercepted sediment by dams, it is found that in the 1970s is the most severe period in the past 100 years. Comparing with the situation from 1930 to 1969, the sediment yield produced by the effective rainfall is decreased by 13%, 54% and 79% respectively during the periods of 1980-1999, 2000-2009 and 2010-2019. If calculating with the deposition rate of the last 10 years, the sediment intercepted by the existing dams will be 40 million t/a by around 2070. This research results can not only explain the reasons of sediment dis? charge reduction of the Yellow River to a considerable extent, but also provide an important reference to the key projects plan and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of village platform construction in the lower Yellow River beach area, using the Yellow River sediment to build village platform can not only improve the flood carrying capacity of the Yellow River channel, utilize the Yellow River sediment resources, but also enable the beach area residents to avoid the flood disaster and improve the living and travel conditions of the beach area residents. In order to construct a high concentration and long-distance sediment transport channel, the multi-technology and high-efficiency sediment disposal demonstration project of “research on river channel and beach area treatment of the lower Yellow River” has been carried out. On the basis of previous studies, based on Zhang Hongwu’s hydraulics and river dynamics theory system, this paper calculated the critical velocity and resistance coefficient by using the sediment carrying capacity formula, the key technical parameters of the power system, slurry making system and pipeline system in the village platform construction through siltation and constructed a long-distance pipeline high-efficiency sediment transport meter to realize different coarse and fine sediment calculation methods. Combined with the engineering practice, the calculation results provide technical support for the design of equipment layout and other important links of the Yellow River pipeline high-efficiency sediment transport and silting construction project. The smoothly operation situation of the silted village platform project shows that the selected pipe diameter and sediment concentration are appropriate, which significantly improves the work efficiency and saves the project cost. A large number of measured data, such as hydraulic roughness and sediment concentration are quite close to the previous theoretical calculation results. Therefore, it can be shown in theory and engineering that for the coarse sediment in the Yellow River bed sediment can achieve the goal of long-distance accurate and efficient pipeline high concentration sediment transport and siltation. It can provide theoretical basis for efficient sediment transport and silting up the downstream beach area of the Yellow River and provide reliable technology for improving the wide beach river morphology of the Lower Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper classified, sorted and summarized the stability types of the Yellow River estuarine channel into the sea and briefly re-viewed the evolution and determination process of the standard threshold of artificial avulsion. In addition, the threshold system for the implementation of the flow path avulsion into the sea was initially constructed. The threshold value of water level, river length, sea area sediment capacity and the threshold value of allowable cumulative sediment volume in estuary were analyzed and calculated by the measured data. The results show that the threshold of current water level is 10.58 m when the current flow reaches 3 000 m3 / s, the threshold of river length is 89 km, the threshold of sea area sediment capacity is 7.219 billion m3 and the corresponding threshold of cumulative sediment inflow at Lijin Station is about 12.065 billion tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the difference in latitude and special climatic conditions, the flood disaster of the Yellow River is the most prominent and significant natural disaster in the big rivers in China. The Yellow River ice flood is characterized by complex disaster environment, strong burst chain and great difficulty in prevention and control. At present, the network information platform generally exists many problems, for an example, single function, low participation in numerical simulation, limited data source acquisition and lack of dynamic intelligent management. In the face of these real demands, this paper designed the ice flood of the Yellow River intelligent platform based on cloud computing service. The technical route of the platform was “Data warehouse construction-Model integration coupling-Cloud simulation computing-Virtual reality display”. The computing service layer provided a powerful virtual computing environment for the platform's model library by Docker container technology. The functional modules of the platform included monitoring and disaster early warning, dynamic assessment of ice flood risk, scenario development of flood disaster, combined ice-prevention operation of reservoir group and ice flood diversion area, optimization of decision support scheme for disaster prevention and control. The function covered the whole process of disaster chain. It had important application value for the establishment of efficient and scientific natural disaster prevention system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research purpose of this paper is to obtain the information on the difference in ice thickness increase on the same section of the main stream of the Yellow River and its causes. Based on the data collected from observing the section freezing period at the Toudaoguai Hydrological Station in the winter between 2019 and 2020, the author analyzed the impact of ice thickness increase method, freezing degree days and flow velocity on the increase of ice thickness. The research results illustrates that the upper layer of the ice cap on the Toudaoguai section is formed by freezing ice. The area ranging from 400 m to 500 m of the left side bank is the nonmainstream zone and the ice increase at the measuring points in the interval is thermodynamic growth, mainly forming columnar ice. The area ranging from 500 m to 740 m of the left side bank is the mainstream zone and the ice increase at the measuring points in the interval is mainly ice accumulation and freezing, with relatively apparent difference in ice thickness. With the continuous increase of ice thickness, the daily increase of ice thickness is gradually decreased. The daily increase of ice thickness with frazilices at the bottom of the ice layer is greater than that without frazil slush accumulation. However when the ice thickness increases to a certain degree, the difference disappears. Freezing degree days is the main factor influencing the increase of ice thickness. The average velocity of the vertical line inhibits the increase of ice thickness. The presence of frazil ices at the bottom of the ice layer can promote the increase of ice thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy at present and in the future. In this paper, through the historical materials of inscriptions, the “once in a thousand years” flood of the Yellow River in the 23rd-Year of Daoguang (1843) was deeply interpreted and the flood process and its great harm were reappeared. The countermeasures of the central government of the Qing Dynasty, the local governments and the victims were carefully combed and the defects of the times were explored, so as to provide a useful reference for the control, development and protection of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin became a national strategy in 2019. The informatization of the Yellow River will face many unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This paper made a brief review of the history and achievements of the Yellow River informatization construction, and then evaluated the water conservancy informatization quantitatively by a new evaluation index system. This system made a mathematical model to calculate the overall evaluation values of the YRCC, the Ministry of Water Resources, the national total and other basin organizations in MATLAB from 2012 to 2018 (except 2016) by entropy and manual value method. On this basis, the advantages and shortages were pointed out by analyzing the current situation of the Yellow River informatization construction. Finally, some specific suggestions which based on the actual requirement of water conservancy industry and the development trend of information technology were put forward for the next step of the Yellow River informatization construction and provided references for relevant organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the causes of mass loss of throwing materials in flood control of the Yellow River were analyzed and the stress analysis model of throwing body in moving water was established with gabion as the research object. Based on the force analysis of gabion, the influence of the velocity and depth of the dangerous section to the stability of the throwing materials was studied. The results show that increasing velocity and water depth can lead to poor stability of the throwing materials in the dynamic water and increasing weight (size) of throwing materials can effectively reduce the displacement and enhance its stability. Finally, some measures are put forward, such as designing a reasonable weight throwing materials, reserving enough throwing distance or using linked gabion system to ensure the stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of Gansu Province is that the ecological environment is fragile and the task of poverty,Jleviation is heavy, which is directly or indirectly related to the incoordination of water and soil relations. The inability of water to conserve the soil,md the soil docs not contain water, leading to serious soil erosion and weakening the productivity of the land. This problem stems from the spatial layout of water and soil determined by the unique topography of Gansu, that is, the basic form of "water flows lower than the ground" . This paper put forward the fact that the newly added water volume of the South-to-North water Diversion Project must pass through Gansu. Somewhere between I 800 m and I 900 m above sea level in the upper reaches of Liujiaxia Reservoir, the Dujiangyan River divides the Minjiang River into two pat1s, as docs the Yellow River. The Yellow River was divided into a natural river and an Artificial river, forming a chord-arc two-way circulation pattern, in which the at1ifici,J river, that was, the chord line flowed from the southwest to the not1hwest,Jong the contour line of about I 800 m above sea level, with a gradient of about 0.04%·,md slowly flowed to the Jingithai platform,area. The highest point was at I 773 m, and then it returned to the natural channel of the Yellow River after being irrigated by gravity in several directions, thereby changing the "water flows lower than the ground" to "water flows higher than the ground" . The implementation of this "chord arc two-way scheme" can not only promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the ecologically fragile area of more than 10 000 km' between Liujiaxia and Heishanxia of the Yellow River,md the lower Shiyang River, but,also benefit the planned Daliushu irrigation area, making it into ml important natural food security reserve base. It is also beneficial to reduce the harm of salinization,Jong the Y d low River irrigation area and reduce the sedimentation, flood control and ice control pressures of Ningxia-Inner Mongolia section in the downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are some divergences of understanding in the development of the Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River. After the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin raising to a major national strategy, it is necessary to think and examine the development of the section from a strategic perspective. This paper analyzed the new situation and problems facing the development of the Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River and studied the effect of the development of the section in the coordination of the Yellow River’s water and sediment, ice flood control, water supply and power generation. The effect of the regional economic and social development was considered. The development of the reach is in line with the major national strategic requirements for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin and has an important supporting role in promoting the implementation of major national strategies. It is recommended to choose a suitable development plan, promote the project to be established as soon as possible and build a multi-energy complementary base relying on the development of the Heishanxia reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the integrity of hydrological data is an important basis for the calculation of hydrological water resources and water environment. The interpolation of missing data in hydrological observations is an important part of the compilation of hydrological data. In order to better solve the problem of hydrological observation data interruption and missing, this paper used four different time series interpolation methods, which were spline interpolation, Stineman interpolation, weighted moving average method, Kalman filter and state model method for analysis and comparison and put forward the comparison of the performance of the interpolation effect through three evaluation indicators of average absolute error(MAE), root mean square error(RMSE) and average percentage error(MAPE) by taking the discharge data of Heishiguan Hydrological Station in the Yellow River basin as an example. The results show that the weighted moving average method can well implement the interpolation of missing data at the Heishiguan Hydrological Station, which provides reliable basic data support for subsequent ecological protection in the Yellow River basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provenance analysis is of great significance in deter^nining the source area，properties，sediment transport pathways and even the sedimentation and tectonic evolution of the whole region. In this paper，we provided a review of characteristics of the Yellow River sediments by systematically summarized the existing results along the main course and tributar^^ system of the Yellow River. Based on mineralogical，ge­ochemical ，detrital zircon U-Pb age populations and environmental agnetic analyses，previous studies have constructed end members that feature the sediment-source discrimination of the Yellow River，which have been ampplied to trace the transportation and distribution pattern of the Yellow River-sourced sediments in the East China marginal seas. However，due to the complexity of the problem，it is still difficult to ob­tain ideal results of provenance analysis. Also，the change of end members that feature the sediment-source discrimination of the Yellow River in both space and time should be paid more attention when interpreting borehole data. Compared with other major rivers in the world，little is known about the sediment provenance of the tributary system of the Yellow River and the changes of the sediment end members along the main stream as well，which hinder the source region inversion within the catchment. The follow-up study should further develop the source in­version in the basin. Also, the study on the evolution histor^^ and cutting-through time of the Yellow River by using the approach of prove­nance should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the evolution characteristics of runoff in the Yellow River basin, this paper analyzed the natural runoff data of Huayuankou Hydrological Station from 1919 to 2016 for nearly 100 years. The order of clustering analysis, Mann-Kendall mutation test and sliding t-average method were used to analyze the mutation points of the runoff sequence in Huayuankou Hydrological Station. Linear trend regression test, Mann-Kendall trend test and Spearmann rank correlation test were used to analyze the trend of the runoff series before and after the mutation point. The results show that the runoff mutations in the Yellow River basin were relatively obvious at 1933-1934 and 1989-1990. The mutation of the former is mainly caused by large-scale changes in natural factors (such as temperature, precipitation), and the latter is mainly caused by changes in the basin scale of artificial factors (water use increasing and the bottom surface changing). In 1919-1933, the trend of runoff change is relatively significant, passed 0.10 of the significant level test, showing a downward trend. In 1934-1989 and 1990-2016, the trends of runoff changed are more smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ ｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ “ｅｓｔｕａｒｙ” ａｎｄ “ｆｌｏｗ ｐａｔｈ”， ｂｕｉｌｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃ ｆｒａｍｅｗｏｒｋ ｏｆ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ Ｒｉｖｅｒ ｅｓｔｕａｒｙ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｆｌｏｗ ｐａｔｈ ａｎｄ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙ ｅｘｐｏｕｎｄｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｂａｓｉｃ ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓ ａｎｄ ｂａｓｉｃ ｍｅａｎｉｎｇｓ ｏｆ ＂ ｅｓｔｕａｒｉｎｅ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ＂ ａｎｄ ＂ ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｆｌｏｗ ｐａｔｈ＂． Ｉｎ ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ， ｔｈｅ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔ ｏｆ ＂ｅｓｔｕａｒｉｎｅ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ＂ ａｎｄ ＂ｓｔａｂｌｅ ｆｌｏｗ ｐａｔｈ＂ ｗａｓ ａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄ． Ｆｉｎａｌｌｙ， ｔｈｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｓｔｕａｒｙ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｌｏｗ ｐａｔｈ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｗａｓ ｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｄ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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