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The Xiaolangdi Reservoir is the core of the current Yellow River water and sediment regulation system. In order to improve the Yellow River water and sediment regulation mechanism, it is necessary to study the causes and enhancement measures for the insufficient follow-up power for water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir. Based on the practice of water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir, this paper analyzed the incoming conditions of water and sediment in the reservoir and the rule of sediment discharge in the reservoir area, and clarified the characteristics and reasons of insufficient power for water and sediment regulation. Also, it studied themeasures to enhance the follow-up power of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, including lowering the water level for erosion, effective storage capacity maintenance, coordination of downstream water?sediment relations, etc., which required sufficient flood processes to achieve effective and rational water-sediment relation of midstream reservoirs. Combined with the current situation and the planning of the Yellow River water-sediment regulation system, the enhancement measures of follow?up power for water and sediment regulation were proposed. It believed that the current projects had major constraints in enhancing the follow-up power for water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The construction of the Guxian Reservoir was the first choice to solve the lack of follow-up power for water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir, to effectively supply the follow?up power of water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]