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In 2021, the Yellow River experienced the most serious autumn flood since 1949. The Sanmenxia Reservoir played an important role in the autumn flood control, but there was 1.04 billion cubic meters difference between the inflow and outflow of the flood volume. In order to identify the cause of the above water imbalance, this paper took Tongguan-Sanmenxia reach as the study area, and digital elevation model, land use, soil type, meteorological and hydrological data were used to drive a HEC-HMS distributed hydrological model for flood processes simulation. The results show that the bias of simulated flood peak in 11 floods are all less than 20.0%, the average coefficient of determination of the simulations is 0.725, and the pass rate of the results is 90.9%. The model accurately simulates the water inflow process in the Tongguan-Sanmenxia reach during the autumn flood season in 2021, and the contribution of different tributaries to the total flood amount of the reach is quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to utilize the joint operation of reservoir groups to maximize sediment discharge efficiency is a key technical challenge in water and sediment regulation. This paper selected the joint operation of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs in the period of water and sediment regulation in 2023 as the object, analyzed the water and sediment processes of the two reservoirs under different matching opportunities and matching water levels, and quantified the water and sediment regulation effect under different matching opportunities and matching water levels between the two reservoirs. Although the Sanmenxia Reservoir has a smaller water storage capacity and limited water transfer capacity, by changing the discharge time of the reservoir, the scouring effect of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is quite different. As the matching water level decreases, the amount of erosion in the reservoir area gradually increases. With the delay of the relative discharge time of Sanmenxia Reservoir, the erosion amount in the reservoir area shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The joint operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir with Sanmenxia Reservoir and tributary reservoirs after the completion of Xiaolangdi Reservoir marks the basic completion of the downstream flood control and disaster reduction project system. However, for the Yellow River beach area, which has always been emphasized as the space for flood detention and sediment deposition, the reservoir flood control operation has set the goal of ensuring that the beach area is not filled with water for many years. Taking the autumn flood in recent four years, including 2021, as an example, this paper showed that it was more difficult to block and stagger the peak of the reservoir after the superposition of a variety of adverse factors, especially when the inflow of trunk tributaries was encountered. In order to solve this problem, it was considered that under the specific restriction of Huayuankou flow. Sanmenxia Reservoir should be allowed to stop the flood, transition to the non flood season pool level in advance, help Xiaolangdi Reservoir reserve the storage capacity under the maximum allowable water level, and skillfully stagger the flood discharge. When necessary, the temporary storage water level of Sammenxia Reservoir could break through to reduce the safe ty risk of high water level of Xiaolangdi dam. In addition, under the current situation that the amount of sediment entering the reservoir de creased greatly. The operation mode of Sanmenxia Reservoir should be adjusted and improved, strive to make this pearl of the Yellow River shine again, improve the downstream flood control engineering system, give play to the role of optimizing the allocation of water resources, and provide safety guarantee for downstream flood control, disaster reduction and high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical grey model can be used into hydrologic runoff prediction, but has bad prediction accuracy. Based on the classical grey theory, this paper utilized polynomial fitting to higher precision fit cumulative data and limit improved runoff grey prediction model. This model could be easily used and realized by program, and also had high calculation accuracy and efficiency. By predicting inflow runoff of Sanmenxia Reservoir through classical and improved grey prediction, it shows that the latter method can effectively predict runoff .md has improved calculation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]