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This article examines the relationship between precarious employment and functional health. Precarious employment is considered to be a multidimensional concept encompassing the legal framework of the employment relationship, the material situation as well as workplace-related ratings of employees. Workplace-related dimensions include job insecurity, lack of development opportunities, scope of influence at the workplace, perceived appreciation and physical demands. Based on data from the German lidA study (n=5.337), it has been empirically tested whether these precarious characteristics of employment are negatively associated to functional health and if they differ according to the type of employment relationship and between men and women. The focus of the analysis is on middle-aged German employees. The results show that it is, above all, workplace-related dimensions of precarious employment that are related to health and also that gender differences exist in the examined relationships.