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The design of portals is becoming a complex part of modern tunnel planning. The limited space available at the portals in urban areas has always challenged designers to produce a [...]

The town of Falmouth is to be found in the extreme southwest of England on the south coast of Cornwall. As part of an ongoing programme of coastal water improvements [...]

The Kaponig tunnel near Spittal in Austria is just one of dozens of major tunnelling projects in a programme to upgrade rail transit services across the country. The 5.06 km [...]

The Inanda-Wiggins Aqueduct is located in the province of KwaZulu Natal, near the city of Durban and consists of a series of tunnels and pipelines. The aqueduct will convey raw [...]

Records are made to be broken, and the latest to fall occurred on February 27th, 1996 when the record for TBMs in the 13-16 ft (4-5 m) class established by [...]

Unless prevented or controlled, ingress of water into road and rail tunnels will be detrimental to furnishings and the efficient utilisation and safety of the completed works. The effects will [...]

St. Louis derives its prosperity from its strategic location at the confluence of two of America's most important rivers, the Missouri and the Mississippi. An availability of cheap land for [...]

Ground movement induced by excavation has been one of the most critical concerns for the JLE project team. The Line, running as it does beneath some of the oldest, historically [...]

Two of the new stations on the JLE are complex underground mined stations in London Clay at London Bridge and Waterloo. Three are combined open-cut boxes with mined enlargements of [...]

Durability and a long, low-maintenance service life was the starting point for the design of the permanent single shell precast concrete and spheroidal graphite iron (SGI) segmental lining systems to [...]

As part of an on-going programme to improve national and international railway links for the year 2000 and beyond, Austria has embarked on excavation of a 9.8 km-long pilot tunnel [...]

Eleven tunnelling machines of five different manufacturers have excavated the 22.2 km of 11.1 km of nominal 4.4 m i.d. twin tube running tunnels which link the eight new underground [...]

The island of Jersey is just a few kilometres off the French coast. English is most commonly spoken although there is a Jersey French language, sterling is the currency and [...]

The world's largest EPB tunnelling machine, the 11 m diameter TBM for the Lyon bypass, is now roughly a third of the way on its first drive. Operating in very [...]

How to make an EPB TBM work well in loose running material beneath a high ground water table? The answer is associated increasingly with the skilled application of modern conditioning [...]

The Lower Engadin has always been a I rather remote region of the south east of Switzerland. During winters with strong snowfall access by road is difficult and costly to [...]

The Muni Metro Turnback (MMT) Project is a US$202 million extension of the San Francisco Muni Metro subway under Market Street. The MMT facility includes a 256 m (840 ft) [...]

The effects of high concentrations of motor traffic on people and the environment are becoming increasingly serious - traffic noise, dust and exhaust fumes are unhealthy and unwelcome. This is [...]

Pipejacking is a fast expanding sector in the tunnelling industry but it is not a new concept. In the 1890s cast-iron pipes were jacked under railroad tracks in the U.S. [...]

Some of the most ambitious urban tunnelling ever attempted is currently underway in Portugal to extend the Lisbon Metro. Caverns of up to 360 [m.supp.2] are to be excavated to [...]

Building tunnels to survive contained nuclear explosions is the challenge faced by tunnelling engineers at the Nevada Nuclear Test Site about 65 miles north west of Las Vegas in the [...]

The first segmental bolted linings for a tunnel were installed in the Tower Subway under the River Thames which was opened in 1869, some 75 years after tubbings were first [...]

Consideration of risk has always been an integral part of the role of the engineer. This is particularly true for the tunneller. Not only is it impossible to predict the [...]

The Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) was established in 1983 by a majority vote in Dallas County, including 14 cities. The reason for creating DART was to take over, maintain [...]

A vital rail link between Italy and the north European countries passes through Bern in Switzerland and shares common track with internal Swiss east-west traffic to Olten, diverging at Zollikofen [...]

The City of Rochester, New York was established in 1811 and historical records indicate that sewer construction in the city dates back to at least 1836. From that time until [...]

TBM excavation proved cheaper than the drill+blast alternative when tendering for the two 5.5 km long x 3.5 m diameter water tunnels on phase II of the Inanda-Wiggins water supply [...]

Two major project are under construction in the city of Dusseldorf in Germany. These unusual and interesting subsurface works were visited late last year by delegates attending a conference in [...]

The town of Protvino, 120 km south of Moscow in the new Russian Republic, is well-known amongst the world's physicists, many of whom have been privileged to conduct experiments at [...]

Villaret is one of a series of seven twintube tunnels currently under construction in Italy's scenic Val d'Aosta (WT October, 1990). Together with a further four tunnels in design, these [...]

SELECTION OF METHODS Two main factors have to be considered when deciding the method to be used to construct a tunnel, the size and shape of the tunnel and the [...]

GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN The rapid development of Norway's hydroelectric potential during the 1970s and early 80s, and major road tunnels during recent years, has had a significant influence on tunnel design [...]

DESIGN OF SOFT GROUND DRIVES The design of a driven tunnel in soft ground involves much more than an analysis of the lining. It requires considerations of geotechnics, alignment, lining [...]

NATM BY ANY OTHER NAME The use of the NATM system for building tunnels in North America has not exactly caught on since its introduction in 1983. The first NATM [...]

The Hvalfjordur tunnel project is unique in many respects. It is the world's first subsea roadtunnel in young, geothermally active basaltic lavas. It was also the first DBOT project in [...]

The Alpine mountain chain that crosses Central Europe from West to East and extends from France through Austria to Slovenia has always been a challenge to civil engineers. Numerous passes, [...]

Saturated sands of fine to medium to very dense in nature, with lenses of silts and clay and layers of shell fragments are presenting no problems at all for the [...]

The Port Authority of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is very pleased with its Berry Street Tunnel reconstruction results. The authority benefited from the contractor's original low bid and its post-bid [...]

The main route between the European manufacturing centres of Torino in Italy and Lyon in France passes under the Alps through the Frejus tunnel located just within the French border. [...]

Despite its position on the Danube fiver, the Austrian capital Vienna prefers to draw its drinking water from the Alps. Quality appears to be a greater consideration than cost for [...]

The 312 m-long Engelberg twin road tunnel currently in use near Leonberg, on the A 81 Heilbronn to Stuttgart motor-way in south-central Germany, carries two lanes in each bore. Because [...]

Westminster Station Contract 102 In the shadows of Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament, the new JLE station at Westminster is taking shape with the excavation of an enormous [...]

Canary Wharf Station Contract 108 The JLE station at Canary Wharf is designed to serve not only the Canary Wharf Tower complex but also the surrounding redevelopment of the Docklands. [...]

Over 70 years ago the original hydroproject Amsteg was completed and started to supply electric energy to the Swiss Federal Railway bringing trains through the winding tunnels up to the [...]