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What happened in the Gaza Strip in 2023 is discussed in light of its antecedents and the relevance of the legal classifications of apartheid and genocide. Genocide is related to colonialism and apartheid. Apartheid regimes have inherent genocidal potential. This reference is crossed with notes and journalistic articles, addressing the Israeli reprisal for the Hamas operation. The adequacy of the classification of genocide is verified, which has been included in specialized documentation and bibliography for a considerable time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report of the CEIPI is analyzed, emphasizing the passages concerning Israeli oppression and Palestinian resistance, from the beginning of this report until 1980. The significance of this struggle is evaluated and to what extent it helps to understand the First Intifada. The main passages are summarized and contrasted with other reports on the issue and with part of the bibliography, verifying their relevance and contribution to an understanding of the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents interventions made in the debate on the nature of Bolsonarism between the end of 2018 and the coronavirus pandemic. Several renowned intellectuals engaged in this classificatory effort, constituting a rich conceptual debate, expandable to define other experiences of the extreme right in contemporary times. After a brief genealogy of this discussion, we enter into the critical presentation of the authors who manifested themselves in the clipped period, relating them to the international bibliography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colonial violence and not a "national identity" united antagonistic tribes. The penetration of Christianity in the territory now occupied by Lebanon stimulated the emergence of political groups and distinct cultures. When each ethnic-cultural-religious group forged for itself a mythical past, how will they aggregate themselves into a "national sentiment"? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]