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A four-dimensional seismic reservoir simulation was carried out to characterize a turbidite reservoir in the Gulf of mexico. Seismic inversion of 1988 and 1994 seismic surveys and spatial statistical analysis of collocated well and seismic impedance data were used to support the simulation. Time-lapse information was also utilized in the simulation process to determine dynamic changes and forecast future performance., Time-lapse seismic, well logs, static and dynamic production data measured with reservoir characterization and fluid flow simulation are combined in a 4-B simulation to better understand drainage patterns and identify [...]

4-D reservoir monitoring technology enables oil and gas production risks not only to be substantially anticipated and reduced but, in some cases, to be completely avoided. Seismic reservoir simulation is a 4-D tool that has been specifically developed for the future planning of oil and gas manufacturing and tracking programs. This particular method will be useful in addressing the increasingly risky and exceedingly challenging engineering issues that oil companies face in attempting to efficiently drain difficult reserves particularly in the world's very deep waters., Part 6 - 4-D seismic reservoir simulation Oil companies face many production risks. The engineering technologies that are currently used (primarily 2-D map and graph based) allow discovery of production [...]

Seismic analysis using 4-D and inversion techniques have detected bypassed hydrocarbons in supposedly exhausted wells. This finding, which can be independently confirmed utilizing low-cost reservoir simulation methods, recreates the drainage patterns of reservoir fluids during production. Reservoir simulation techniques can also be used to assess the financial requirements of future production., Part 5 - Reservoir simulation as a tool to validate and constrain 4-D seismic analysis The ultimate way to validate the interpretation of 4-D seismic analysis and inversion described previously [...]

The combination of reservoir characterization with new 4-D inversion technologies can be applied to get higher economic recovery rates. This is attributed to reservoir petrophysical properties, such as lithology, porosity, pore pressure and permeability, which control hydrocarbon production. Integration of 4-D seismic data with well logs, pressures and production histories can provide quantitative estimate of remaining reserves., 4-D differences between seismic amplitudes derived from multiple vintages of 3-D seismic reflection surveys can be used to identify hydrocarbon migration and drainage pathways in oil and gas fields. As [...]

4-D reservoir monitoring can increase earnings during the development of oil and gas reservoirs by tracking and monitoring oil, gas and water drainage patterns over a period of time. Recovery of oil-in-place is predicted to be at 70% at the start of the 21st century. 4-D monitoring results in the better understanding of the true drainage patterns of oil and gas into wells. Previously, in 3-D monitoring, the drainage patterns were thought to be downward liquid flow governed by gravity and upward gas flow towards well perforations., Part 3 - 4-D reservoir monitoring, the business driver 4-D reservoir monitoring is a cost-effective way to expand revenues throughout the development history of reservoirs through tracking and monitoring of [...]

The oil and gas industry is expected to apply 4-D seismic technology to monitor reservoirs in the near future. This trend is attributed to developments in information technology that will change the daily operations of companies. 4-D seismic involves the use of multiple seismic datasets to image changes in reservoirs. It will also allow collaborations among reservoir engineers, geologists and geophysicists in interpreting data., Part 2 - Why 4-D now? The Information Technology revolution has changed the way we do business The concept of using multiple seismic datasets to image changes over time in [...]

4-D seismic monitoring refers to the processing of multiple 3-D seismic surveys taken repeatedly in the same oil or gas field to examine seismic differences caused by the movement of oil, gas and water in reservoirs over time. 4-D seismic monitoring is expected to improve recovery efficiency to 65-75%. 4-D interpretation involved a combination of newly developed 3-D technologies such as reservoir characterization, reservoir simulation and seismic modeling., This first part of a six-part series explains how 4-D was developed, and how any company can take advantage of this new technology. Actual seismic response at various times in [...]

Examines the four-dimensional seismic oil reservoir simulation of a complex turbidite sand in the Gulf of Mexico. Challenges in constructing reservoir models; Benefits of using time-lapse information; Reservoir description; Characterization methodology.

Part VI. Discusses aspects of four-dimensional seismic reservoir simulation in oil well drilling. Reduced production risks; Integration of seismic, log and production data with an interlinked set of quantitative models and analysis products to predict reservoir acoustic dynamics; Requirements to close the simulation loop.

Part IV. Describes the inversion of 4-D seismic changes to derive a specific view of drainage within oil and gas field reservoirs. Quantifying changes over time in terms of oil, gas and water saturations; Definition of geophysical inversion; Steps unique to 4-D inversion; Impedance differences.

Part I. Explains how four-dimension technology was developed for use in oil production management.Benefits from this technology; Geophysics and engineering of this technology; Interpretation of information from this technique.

Discusses new technological developments for deepwater oil drilling operations. Discovery of the benefits of deepwater depositional systems; Salt imaging systems; Pre-stack depth migration techniques; Gravity gradiometry technology.