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The incidence of primary traumatic oculomotor nerve palsies in craniocerebral trauma is approximately 1.2% and is usually persistent and associated with loss of consciousness, other neurologic deficits, and skull base or orbital fractures. This case is a rare demonstration of complete left third nerve palsy from uncal herniation after trauma without any loss of consciousness., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Importance: Although glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor, primary intraventricular locations are extremely rare; only 21 cases have been reported to date., Methods: A retrospectively acquired database of all intracranial glioblastomas treated in 2 different neurosurgical departments during the last 10 years was queried. Patients with histologically proven intraventricular glioblastomas were included in the study., Results: Eight patients were identified as having a histologically confirmed intraventricular glioblastoma. Patient age at diagnosis ranged from 6 to 74 years (mean 29.6 years) and the male/female ratio was 5:3. Increased intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus was the main cause of the clinical manifestations. The tumor was located within the lateral ventricle in 6 cases and the anterior third ventricle in 2 others. Gross total tumor excision was achieved in 3 patients, whereas the surgical resection was subtotal in 4 cases and a surgical biopsy was performed in 1 patient. Postoperative adjuvant therapies were administered in 5 patients. Median survival time was 32.1 months, and 3 patients were alive at the end of study. All of them had isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutated tumors., Conclusions: Intraventricular glioblastoma is extremely rare and can affect younger individuals including children. This malignant tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of intraventricular lesions, especially in the lateral ventricles. Radical surgical resection can be associated with remarkable disease-free survival, especially in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutated tumors. Because recurrence virtually is unavoidable, long-term follow-up is mandatory., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Gliosarcomas are rare, malignant primary brain tumors, most commonly located in the temporal lobe, that contain both glial and mesenchymal elements. Gliosarcomas located within the cerebellum are exceedingly rare. The previously unreported finding of a cerebellar gliosarcoma concurrently with an extracranial metastasis to the lungs is discussed here., Case Description: A 57-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of chest pain, weight loss, headaches, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed a left cerebellar dysfunction, and the radiological work-up revealed a 6 × 6-cm right apical pulmonary tumor and a 4 × 3.5 × 3.8-cm peripherally enhancing left cerebellar mass. On the basis of a smoking history in the setting of a lung lesion and cerebellar mass, the presumptive diagnosis was primary lung cancer with metastasis to the cerebellum. Gross total resection of a firm pseudo-encapsulated cerebellar mass was performed. The microscopic features and the immunohistochemical profile confirmed the diagnosis of Gliosarcoma. The thoracic lesion was removed subsequently, and pathology confirmed it as an extracranial metastasis from the cerebellar gliosarcoma. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy were then administered. No clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence was observed during one year of follow-up monitoring., Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, a primary infratentorial gliosarcoma with extracranial metastases has not been previously described., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Xanthogranuloma, also known as cholesterol granuloma, is an extremely rare intracranial neoplasm most commonly located in the middle ear, petrous apex, or choroid plexus. Exclusively suprasellar xanthogranulomas are exceptional and this report presents a very rare case in the pediatric population, particularly unique due to the presence of calcification., Case Description: A 17-year-old girl presented with primary amenorrhea with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showing a large calcified enhancing suprasellar mass, which was presumptively diagnosed as a craniopharyngioma on the basis of its clinical and radiologic appearance. Gross total resection of a well-encapsulated, exclusively suprasellar tumor was achieved, without postoperative neurologic deficits. Histologic examination found fibrous tissue with abundant cholesterol clefts, multinucleated giant cells, and hemosiderin deposits but no epithelial cells. The final histologic diagnosis was a xanthogranuloma., Conclusions: Xanthogranuloma, although extremely rare in the pediatric population, may present as a calcified suprasellar mass and manifest with primary amenorrhea. The prognosis after gross total resection is likely favorable; however, long-term follow-up is indicated for these rare neoplasms., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)