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Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebrae., Methods: Twenty-four patients (11 in the 3D-printing group and 13 in the conventional group) with scoliosis secondary to a single hemivertebra were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent hemivertebrectomy and short-segment fixation. Virtual preoperative planning, operation simulation, and intraoperative application of 3D-printed patient-specific templates were performed in the 3D-printing group. Hemorrhage volume, operation time, transfusion, and complications were noted. Radiographic parameters were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up., Results: All patients had different degrees of successfully corrected scoliosis. There was a similar correction of the Cobb angle postoperatively between the 2 groups. The operation time, blood loss, transfusion, time for the insertion of each screw, accuracy of screw placement, and complication rate in the 3D-printing group were significantly superior to those in the control group. No patient experienced major complications. No significant correction loss or instrument dysfunction was observed during follow-up., Conclusions: As a viable and effective auxiliary technology, 3D printing makes it possible for surgery to meet both surgeon-specific and patient-specific requirements. 3D-printed individualized templates allow surgery for the correction of congenital scoliosis to enter a new stage of personalized precision surgery., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To report the outcomes of severe kyphoscoliosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) corrected with 3D-printed individualized guiding templates., Methods: Computed tomography (CT) data of patients with severe kyphoscoliosis secondary to AS were used to reconstruct 3D models of the spine and to develop a surgical plan. An asymmetric wedge pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) was simulated using medical computer design software. Before the actual surgery, continual surgical simulations were performed until the most suitable one was obtained, and personalized guiding templates were manufactured for the anticipated PSO. During operation, the osteotomy plane and trajectories for the pedicle screws were positioned by the designed patient-specific 3D-printed guiding templates., Results: In this study, we reviewed 9 patients who underwent correction of kyphoscoliosis using a 3D-printed individualized guiding template and were followed for a median of 21.4 months (range, 9-36 months). The average correction at the site of osteotomy was 65.9°. No patient experienced severe complications, such as misplaced pedicle screws or neurologic complications. At the last follow-up, no patient exhibited implant dysfunction on radiography., Conclusions: Preoperative surgical simulation using 3D-printed templates is a viable technique that enables surgery to meet both patient- and surgeon-specific requirements for correction of severe thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis. These 3D-printed templates can guide the performance of planned PSO to provide functional restoration of severe kyphoscoliosis secondary to AS., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)