1. Intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel diseases
- Author
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Alessandro Sartini, Andrea Belluzzi, Enrico Roda, Andrea Calafiore, Margherita Marocchi, Alessandra Caponi, Elisabetta Zambon, Giulia Roda, Roda, Giulia, Sartini, Alessandro, Zambon, Elisabetta, Calafiore, Andrea, Marocchi, Margherita, Caponi, Alessandra, Belluzzi, Andrea, and Roda, Enrico
- Subjects
Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein ,Review ,Biology ,Epithelial Damage ,Interleukin 22 ,Defensins ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Intestinal mucosa ,Animals ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Antigen-presenting cell ,Barrier function ,Bacteria ,Animal ,Inflammatory Bowel Disease ,Toll-Like Receptors ,Gastroenterology ,General Medicine ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Mucus ,digestive system diseases ,Immunity, Innate ,Defensin ,Immunology ,Lymphocyte ,Human ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) seems to involve a primary defect in one or more of the elements responsible for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and oral tolerance. The most important element is represented by the intestinal barrier, a complex system formed mostly by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs have an active role in producing mucus and regulating its composition; they provide a physical barrier capable of controlling antigen traffic through the intestinal mucosa. At the same time, they are able to play the role of non-professional antigen presenting cells, by processing and presenting antigens directly to the cells of the intestinal immune system. On the other hand, immune cells regulate epithelial growth and differentiation, producing a continuous bi-directional cross-talk within the barrier. Several alterations of the barrier function have been identified in IBD, starting from mucus features up to its components, from epithelial junctions up to the Toll-like receptors, and altered immune responses. It remains to be understood whether these defects are primary causes of epithelial damage or secondary effects. We review the possible role of the epithelial barrier and particularly describe the role of IECs in the pathogenesis of IBD.
- Published
- 2010