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Fiona became the third-costliest hurricane on record to strike Puerto Rico, with later landfalls as a hurricane in the Dominican Republic and as a major hurricane on Grand Turk Island. Ian became a major hurricane early on September 27, and it made landfall as a 125-mph hurricane a couple of hours later along the western Cuban coast in the Pinar del Rio Province near La Coloma. Ian was the most devastating storm of the year, with major hurricane landfalls in western Cuba and southwestern Florida and a final hurricane landfall in South Carolina. [Extracted from the article]

Anza-Borrego Desert State Park in southern California is known for its rugged desert features, including knife-edge ridges, deep valleys, and broad plains of rock. The park experiences less than 6 inches of rain per year, making timing crucial for the emergence of wildflowers. The best blooms typically occur after above-average rainfall in December and January, followed by sunny and warm February weather. This can result in an explosion of color known as a "super bloom." The park is also home to diverse wildlife, including desert bighorn sheep. [Extracted from the article]

Early in the month, May 1-3, severe weather with high winds and hail raked the southern Plains from Kansas to Texas, the fifth billion-dollar weather disaster of the year ($1.2 billion). U.S. Weather Highlights 2022 - Drought, Flash Floods, Severe Outbreaks, Hurricane Ian, Blockbuster Winter Storms The wintry, stormy pattern in the Southwest gave way to a warm and dry weather regime, while record warmth in the central and eastern states yielded to cold, rainy, snowy weather into February. On August 5, strong storms deluged Death Valley, California, with 1.46 inches of rain, nine months' worth of rain for this desert location. [Extracted from the article]

South Asian and Japanese Heat Wave Lack of rain and persistent high pressure aloft set the stage for a major heat wave across northern and central India and Pakistan starting in March and continuing into May. Historic European Heat Wave June-July-August saw several bouts of historical heat in western Europe, though the extreme heat that struck in mid-July was truly one for the record books. One should not blame individual weather events on climate change, but a rising trend in global temperatures equates to hotter heat waves as well as more torrential rainfall occurrences. [Extracted from the article]

China Flood and African Drought and Flooding Torrential rains struck the central Chinese province of Henan from July 17-20, causing catastrophic flooding. 2021 was truly a year of exceptional weather extremes, a sequence of "Ripley's Believe It or Not" kind of events, with highs and lows of temperature and rainfall so outlandish that they were truly unbelievable. Although heavy rain is not unusual for Pacific Canada, these rains were nearly unprecedented, as 24-hour totals reached as high as 11.58 inches in Hope, 95 miles east of Vancouver, which was nearly cut off from the rest of the province due to flooding and landslides. [Extracted from the article]

Another spectacular wind event closed out the month of wild weather on December 30, as downslope winds of 70-100 mph in the Boulder-Denver Colorado area on top of tinder-dry vegetation due to months without significant rain or snow spread the most destructive winter wildfire outbreak on record for the state. Wild Weather in Hawaii and Alaska Hawaii was experiencing drought until a "Kona" low-pressure area dumped huge rainfall amounts on the islands during December 5-7, with widespread totals exceeding four inches and some areas over a foot. Unfortunately, rain and snow amounts dropped off toward eastern Washington and points east, so the storms brought little drought relief to those areas. [Extracted from the article]

Northern Hemisphere Summer Solstice petroglyph marker at Puerco Pueblo ruins in the Petrified Forest National Park. Consequently, up to that time, the weather data situation for PEFO was similar to saying that the weather of New York City could be represented by a single weather station located at the southwest tip of Staten Island. Daily temperature and dewpoint for June 15 through October 1, 2010 from the Arizona State University Meteorological Weather Station "Twin Buttes" near the Twin Buttes Archaeological site in the Petrified Forest National Park. [Extracted from the article]

The biggest challenge, Peterson says, was trying to predict where a cumulonimbus storm might occur and getting the plane to the right location before it's too late. There, what's needed is moist air near the ground and conditions suitable for lofting it to cloud-forming heights. pyroCb storms, however, need conditions suitable for explosive forest fire growth. Storm Chasing in the Air On August 8, 2019, a group of scientists, including Peterson, were able to fly a NASA DC-8 jetliner through one such storm in eastern Washington, collecting and analyzing air samples from within it. [Extracted from the article]

PHOTO (COLOR): The iconic Charleston Pineapple Fountain, installed in 1990 at Waterfront Park in downtown Charleston, stands as a symbol of the history and hospitality of the Palmetto State. During the winter, snow, sleet, and freezing rain can occur across the Palmetto State, given the proper atmospheric conditions. Rainfall Statistics for the Palmetto State The 24-hour rainfall record for the state is 14.80 inches, observed at Myrtle Beach in Horry County on September 16, 1999, from Hurricane Floyd. [Extracted from the article]

The second named winter storm of the 2020-2021 season, Bella, tracked southward across the United Kingdom into France from December 25 to 29, bringing torrential rain and strong winds to France, leaving tens of thousands without electricity. An historic Atlantic tropical cyclone season resulted in strikes not only on the United States, but also the Caribbean, Central America, Bermuda, Mexico, Canada, and even Europe. Two days before making landfall, the storm became one of the two strongest storms since 1999 in the Bay, with estimated sustained winds of 145 knots/167 mph, a Category 5 storm by Atlantic storm standards. The 30 named storms and 13 hurricanes in the Atlantic Basin were more than double the long-term average, but the 23 storms and 12 typhoons in the northwest Pacific were below average. [Extracted from the article]

Fay was the sixth named storm of the Atlantic storm season, and the earliest sixth named storm on record. The storm rapidly intensified before making landfall on August 24 over the southwest coast of Louisiana as a Category 4 (150 mph) major hurricane, the strongest to strike the state since 1856, and the seventh named storm and third hurricane to make landfall this year. Moderate to heavy rains pelted the area near the storm's track, creating flash flooding, but the big story was the damaging wind to the east of the storm's center, downing numerous trees and branches. The winter storm dubbed "Isaiah" by The Weather Channel was one of several storms this winter that produced nearly nationwide repercussions from snow to floods to severe weather and tornadoes. [Extracted from the article]

For this issue's puzzle solution, we see the patterns across North America on July 15, 2019. A: The Bermuda High There aren't many semipermanent weather systems in U.S. forecasting that have their own proper name, but one notable exception is the Bermuda High. This forms an axis for afternoon thunderstorm formation wherever moisture is available, such as the 71- to 74-degree readings shown in Nebraska on this chart. [Extracted from the article]

CloudSat, funded by NASA and managed by multiple partners, including Colorado State University, flew the first satellite-based millimeter-wavelength cloud radar, which allowed it to detect the tiny particles of liquid water and ice that form large cloud masses. Strengthening Weather Forecasts Although small satellites are still relatively new and mostly limited to technology demonstrations, they are paving the way for future constellations of multiple small satellites able to view the world from different angles at different times. The Arctic Weather Satellite will be a small satellite equipped with advanced sensors that will reveal information about humidity, rain, and ice clouds in the atmosphere. [Extracted from the article]

Severe cold, heavy snow, ice, and flooding rains headlined the weather early in the year. Another storm system brought a severe weather outbreak and wintry weather across the Central and Eastern United States from December 15 to 18. A slow-moving winter storm delivered heavy snowfall, freezing rain, sleet, persistent rainfall, and severe thunderstorms to the Plains, Midwest, and Northeast from December 28 to 31. [Extracted from the article]

The storm had dual names, Matmo/Bulbul, as it began as a western Pacific storm (Matmo) that struck Vietnam as a typhoon. The peak winds of 185 mph made this the second most intense storm on record in the Atlantic Basin, and the strongest storm to ever strike the Bahamas. The storm later lashed Atlantic Canada with heavy rains, high winds, and enormous waves, causing the largest power outage ever in Nova Scotia. Similar to 2018, flooding and heat waves before the storms had already taken a toll on residents, the two heat waves in late July and early August blamed for at least 173 deaths. [Extracted from the article]

Except for the extreme southern coast, rainfall exceeds 50 inches for the entire island; much of the west-central area and parts of the extreme eastern part of the island top 75 inches a year; a few locales near El Yunque receive between 100 and 200 inches of rainfall on average annually (Figure 3). Leading up to the landslide, the weather station in Ponce reported a rainfall rate that reached 2.75 inches of rain per hour. A strong easterly wave crossed the island on July 18, 2013 and brought record-setting rainfall and flooding to the San Juan Metropolitan Area. The highest rainfall total for the hurricane occurred in the municipality of Caguas, with a two-day rainfall estimate of 37.9 inches. [Extracted from the article]

"Many times tornadoes have blown heavily loaded freight cars out of trains and in at least two instances they have wrecked passenger trains", Flora wrote. Arrows from northern Utah to southeastern South Dakota show the track of a storm that produced a tornado near Moorhead, Minnesota, which struck a moving train, killing one person and injuring dozens of others. Retrospect: May 27, 1931: Tornado Strikes "Empire Builder" Train. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses weather patters of 2018, with information on wildfire outbreak in California, winter storm, and tornado-related fatality occurred in Claiborne County, Mississippi.

The article presents an weather update for the U.S. in 2018. It is said that drought developed or intensified during July 2018 from the southern Plains into the middle Mississippi Valley and from Michigan back into the Northeast. Blistering heat baked Texas and environs, before the arrival of cool air, resulting in significant agricultural issues.

The article presents a note on the science of fog. Fog is described as a suspension of very small, usually microscopic water droplets in the air, reducing visibility at the Earth's surface according to the International Cloud Atlas of the World Meteorological Organization. Fog reduces visibility to less than one kilometer (0.62 mile) and if the visibility is more than that it's called mist.

The article presents a note on the U.S. snow season from July 2017 to June 2018. It is said that during the period the number and frequency of snowstorms varied considerably across the nation. This hopscotch behavior resulted in enough flakes landing in Montana and also brought multiple snow events to the Southeast.

The article reports on the meteorological characteristics of New Mexico. New Mexico's scenic beauty features azure blue skies, dramatic convective clouds, lightning and picturesque sunrises and sunsets. The state is known for its semiarid to arid climate, exhibiting the largest seasonal and diurnal temperature ranges.

The Action Network analyzed average weather conditions at each NFL stadium over the course of the last regular season to see which teams were impacted most by weather conditions. Action Network, a sports betting organization, has analyzed how different types of weather affect different stadiums hosting professional NFL teams to learn more about the diversity of weather conditions to which football players must adapt. Rain patterns on agricultural lands in the American Midwest are connected to the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and scientists have traditionally relied on sea-surface temperatures to help predict how wind patterns influence Midwest rain. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on the history of the weather stone. It states that the mystical powerful stone called jada was controlled by kings in the ancient Asian Mongols. Discussed is the version of historian Fernand Grenard who said that the weather stone or the jade stone was controlled by the most feared sorcerers in Chinese Turkestan to produce rain or good weather which originated from ark-builder Noah given to his son Japhet.

The article describes weather conditions in the U.S. in July 2017. During the month, a lack of rainfall was observed in much of the upper Midwest and from the Pacific Coast to the northern Plains, which contributed to a rash of wildfires in California and the Northwest and stress on crops in the country's breadbasket. Parts of the southeastern Plains experienced early-July downpours. Record flooding occurred in southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois during the first half of the month.

The article describes the weather and climate in Michigan. The state experiences tremendous variation in weather conditions all year round, mainly due to its changing terrain and the surrounding Great Lakes. The first winter-like storms in Michigan are usually some of the most intense of the entire year. Occasional periods of extreme heat have been observed in the state.

The article presents an answer to a question about the development and movement of low clouds with weather systems.

The article focuses on the weather in the U.S. in May 2017. Topics discussed include the occurrence of abundant May rainfall, effects from a late-April blizzard on the central High Plains, lingering snow from the High Plains storm reaching South Dakota, early-month showers overspreading parts of the West and freezes in portions of the Appalachians and Great Lakes.

Several questions and answers related to weather are presented which includes direction of wind when cold front arrives and the wind direction changes and reasons for extremely high pressure over Mongolia, and

The article describes the weather and climate that shaped Iceland. Topics covered include the longest continuous weather observations which began in 1873, the respect developed by Icelanders for their natural environment and the use of renewable hydropower and geothermal energy in the country. Also mentioned is the effect of volcanoes on global weather patterns.

The article provides an answer to a question on why "500-millibar heights" level is chosen for the state of atmosphere by meteorologists.

The article discusses the warm weather in Alaska which started in May 2013. It cites on the snow droughts in which mild winters tend to push more of the cold precipitation into a rain category. The article also presents the recap of the extreme weather and climate conditions in the region starting in 2013 in which a heat wave occurs forcing an evacuation to the residents and their sled dogs.

The article looks look at an unusually severe cold wave that affected much of the eastern U.S. in 1982. The winter season had been marked by prolific cold air mass generation across much of central Canada, and a series of polar highs rapidly developed across the Northwest Territories, Yukon, Alberta, and Saskatchewan in Canada.

The article discusses weather events around the U.S. in May 2016. Topics mentioned include the chilly weather in early part of the month in Limon, Colorado and Goodland, Kansas, the flooding in mid- to late-part of the month along Texas coast due to torrential rainfall, and the thunderstorms that occurred in the Midwest.

The article examines how ice cores are helping climatologists better understand changes in the earth's weather. Topics mentioned include a background on how glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets are formed, the similarity and difference between an ice-coring drill and the drill used to pump up oil or water from the earth, and the discoveries of scientists about the deepest core in the U.S.

The article focuses on the weather and climate of Texas. Topics mentioned include the state's geographic variations and topographic features, the monthly average precipitation in winter weather in West Texas, the snow accumulation in central part of the state, the effect of atmospheric lift on thunderstorm development during spring, and the typical temperature during summer season.

The article offers information on global weather conditions in 2015. Topics discussed include Ontario experiencing its coldest February since 1840, hot temperature in the Antarctic Peninsula and floods in several countries. Other topics include Hurricane Patricia in Mexico, heat waves in Pakistan and Europe; and cyclones in Yemen.

The article focuses on weather conditions in the U.S. in 2015. Topics discussed include snowstorms and cold weather in Boston, Massachusetts, car accidents in Michigan due to snowfalls and below-normal rain leading to droughts in California. Other topics include tornadoes in the Midwest, floods and heat wave in the northwestern region.

The article focuses on the climate and weather of Utah. Topics discussed include the geographical location of the state, its precipitation, its temperature, its strong and weak winds, its weather hazards, its varied terrain, and its mountains and mountain ranges along with their respective measurements.

The article describes how farmers talk about weather almost as frequently as meteorologists track updated computer models as they use it before making decisions about starting the workday. It reports how an accurate or missed forecast can make or break a harvest. It explains how accurate weather reporting enables Washington state apple growers to be proactive during the critical spring growing season when buds are liable to frost damage.

The article offers information related to the weather condition of various states of the U.S. as of July and August 2015. It mentions the temperature and inches of rain in U.S. states including Washington, Illinois, and North Carolina. It features several types of weathers and conditions occurred in the country including desert rain, wildfire, and freeze.