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In the last few decades, the wetland area of the Sanjiang Plain in northeast China has shrunk severely. To provide a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, Landsat TM images of 13 typical years of four well-preserved and contiguous wetlands are interpreted by remote sensing technology in the Sanjiang Plain of the Naoli River Drainage Basin. According to the results of the interpretation, the calculation of the minimum and the optimal ecological water requirements of the four wetlands was carried out by combining ecology with remote sensing technology. At the same time, considering the rainfall and surface runoff at different guarantee rates, the artificial recharge of four wetlands was calculated according to the principle of water balance. The results indicate that the wetland area decreased significantly from 1984 to 2013, and natural inflow of water cannot meet the actual water requirements of wetlands. The calculated artificial recharge of the four reserves provides technical support for replenishment of wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain, and lays a good foundation for the restoration of wetland ecosystems in the Sanjiang Plain. At the same time, it also provides a good habitat for rare waterfowl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to alleviate the water supply-demand problem, a flood resource utilization strategy is proposed, called 'Flood Utilization'. The strategy focuses on building large-scale water conservancy facilities and improving management measures. This paper presents the probability analysis of floodwater utilization in a confluence area, where a tributary joins a main river. Baicheng is used as the study area, where the Taoer River joins the Nenjiang River. After a large number of analyses, the main results and conclusions are as follows: First, the upper limit of available floodwater corresponds to the Taoer River's flood with a 5% probability of occurrence. Secondly, there are compensation characteristics between the two rivers which mean that the Nenjiang River can supply water to the Taoer River area. The analysis of monthly runoff, shows that there are compensation characteristics in 50.9% of the data period. The compensation rates (CRs) for the months from June to October are 0.2, 0.27, 0.25, 0.27, and 0.2, respectively. Thirdly, the differences in the runoff characteristics show that it is suitable for floodwater utilization. Finally, it is proposed that floodwater utilization measures are based on local conditions, such as the regional water storage characteristics and the runoff characteristics of the two rivers, and should be applied for different periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]