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Using the model of human acute encephalomyelitis virus (HAEM) infection it was found that inoculation of mice with interferon inducers poly(I): poly(C) or GSS at the site of virus inoculation prevented the lethal outcome of the infection. The effectiveness of the inducers increased markedly when used in combination with the specific vaccine against HAEM virus. Both with inducers alone and in combination with the vaccine, the level of mouse protection in experiments with poly(I): poly(C) was higher than in those using GSS. The higher level of protection achieved by the administration of the inducers and the vaccine was shown to be due both to interferon production and activation of cellular immunity mechanisms.

The functional activity of lymphocytes of patients with severe forms of recurrent cutaneous-genital herpes was studied in the course of treatment with inactivated polyvalent herpes vaccine on the basis of lymphocyte blast-transformation response to polyclonal mitogens and herpes simplex virus antigen. In the group of patients who showed a marked therapeutic effect as a result of the treatment the initially high values of the antigen-dependent lymphocyte blast-transformation test declined and became normal. Thus, in some cases the herpes vaccine exerts an immunomodulating effect normalizing the functions of different lymphocyte subpopulations.

Among low molecular interferon inducers preparations were selected which were capable of inducing interferon (IFN) synthesis after oral administration and advantageous for further clinical use. The dynamics of interferon production was studied after oral administration of three national low molecular interferon inducers. The selected preparations: a synthetic inducer, amiksin, and 2 natural compounds (gossypol derivatives), kagocel-1 and PXL-6, stimulated high levels of interferon production (from 10,000 to 20,000 IU/ml) in the intestinal tract of the animals 4 hours after induction and protected the animals from hepatitis virus of mice (the Meshcherin strain) after oral administration 24 hours before infection (35-55%). Amiksin and PXL-6 produced significant protection (p less than 0.01 or 0.001)--40 or 50%, respectively, when administered 4 hours before virus infection.

Patients with dermal and genital forms of recurring herpes were found to have decreased levels of leukocytes and changed balance of the peripheral blood lymphocyte populations. Treatment with herpes inactivated cultural polyvaccine produced a therapeutic effect in a significant number of patients which was accompanied by a correcting effect of the vaccine on their immune status.