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Lipid peroxidation, a state of the antioxidative system and activity of acid phosphatase were studied in mucosal membrane of 53 patients with ulcerous disease of stomach. Increase of the acid phosphatase activity in cytoplasm, activation of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of the antioxidative system were detected in ulcer border and periulcerous region. These alterations in lipid peroxidation and the state of the antioxidative system were considered as distinct pathogenetic factors responsible for deterioration of lysosomal membranes and contributing to chronic and relapsing development of ulcerous disease.

An antitryptic activity and effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin, administered parenterally, on the activity were studied in blood serum of patients, subjected to surgical operations. The antitryptic activity and content of alpha1- and alpha2-globulins were shown to increase in blood serum of patients within 5 days of the postoperative period. Intramuscular administration of the proteolytic enzymes within 5 days decreased the anti-tryptic activity and content of alpha1- and alpha2-globulins in blood serum.

Total and non-sedimentable activities of lysosomal proteinases were studied in rat gastric mucose under conditions of normal state and of ulcer development as well as after treatment of the ulcer area with contrical and with the mixture containing contrical and medical glue MK-8. Both total activity of cathepsins A, B, C and D and their non-sedimentable activity were increased by 32-102% and 44-94%, respectively, under conditions of ulcerogenesis. Contrical and the mixture of the drug with glue MK-8 normalized the enzymatic activity studied; the mixture containing the inhibitor was the most effective. Inhibitors of proteinases combined with medical plastificators might be used in local treatment of stomach ulcerous disease.

Activity of the main enzymes of pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism was studied in human mucosa of the stomach. In the mucosa glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in gastric ulcer and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in normal stomach were shown to be less active as compared with these enzymatic activities in duodenal ulcer. A distinct decrease in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was observed in the ulcerous region, independently of the ulcer localization either in corpus ventriculi or in duodenum, as compared with the parts of the mucosa away from the impairment; the lowest enzymatic activity was estimated in the gastric ulcer zone. Activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and transketolase were the same in the ulcerous and normal mucosa and did not depend on the localization of the impairment. Contents of lactic and pyruvic acids were similar in mucosa of the stomach both in gastric and duodenal ulcer.

Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides was intensified in proliferating tissues. Age-dependent alterations in activities of thymidine kinase and thymidine phosphorylase were found in healthy persons of 17-70 years old. Distinct increase in activity of thymidine kinase was observed in patients with gastric ulcer but the activity was decreased with ageing. Alterations in the ratio between anabolic and catabolic reactions involving thymidine were studied also in patients with gastric tumor depending on age.

In duodenal ulcer alkaline phosphatase activity was the highest in mucosa of pyloric region of curvature ventriculi minor and it decreased distinctly in the tissues removed from pylorus. In cases of gastric ulcer, the enzymatic activity was high throughout the curvatura ventriculi minor reaching the maximal value at the ulcerous zone. Alkaline phosphatase from gastric mucosa resembled the enzyme from intestine in its inhibition patterns with 1-phenylalanine and in inactivation properties at 56 degrees within 15 min; but, as distinct from the latter, the enzyme was more stable at 65 degrees within 5 min, maintaining 50% of the initial activity.