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On experimental haematogenous E. coli pyelonephritis in rabbits produced by temporary ligature of the ureter the effect of chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) was compared. When the treatment was initiated “early” (i.e. on the day when the microorganisms were injected), the development of the inflammatory process could be prevented in 85%; no marked differences were found between the effect of CTC and OTC. When “delayed” treatment was applied (i.e. two days after injection of the microorganisms) no marked inflammatory changes developed in the kidneys of 22% of the CTC-treated rabbits and in 32% of the OTC-treated rabbits; after OTC therapy the renal tissue was always sterile, after CTC therapy positive bacteriological findings persisted in 37,5%.

A model of acute ascending purulent pyelonephritis was produced in rabbits by injection of an E. coli suspension into the urinary bladder with subsequent squeezing of the bladder wall. An important factor influencing the penetration of bacteria from the bladder into the renal pelvis was a sufficient volume of the bacterial suspension. Penetration of bacteria into the renal parenchyma and their multiplication in the renal tissue was rendered possible by temporary ligature of the ureter prior to the injection of bacterial suspension.