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Introduction: The performance of the National Health Surveillance System (SNVS) involves the actions of the three spheres of government considering the characteristics inherent to the Brazilian federative model and the management of the Brazilian Health System. Objective: Develop a proposal for health surveillance (Visa) activities that enables the harmonization of activities and practices, as a way to improve the effectiveness of actions and the identification of criteria for the implementation of actions, as a guide for Visa agreements and schedules. Method: Descriptive qualitative study with narrative review on the process of harmonizationand decentralization of Visa actions, based on the individualized and collective practices observed in the three SNVS management spheres. The proposal was developed in workshops represented states and municipalities, and the National Council of State Health Secretaries and the National Council of Municipal Health Secretaries. Results: Twelve critical actions were indicated, nine of which were related to the inspection action. The categorization of critical actions considered: focus and scope of the action; execution time; end materializable products; practices and activities that make up the action; and the expected results. The practices to be harmonized were prioritized and detailed as to the requirements to be met for implementation by the Sanitary Surveillance: legal, cognitive; ethical; logistics; and structuring to support theprocess of decentralization of actions. Conclusions: The effective qualification of sanitary surveillance actions strengthens the collective construction processes, since it is associated with the definition of responsibilities, supported by technical criteria of competence and uniformity in the execution of their actions, with impact on the health protection of the population.