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Objective: To evaluate the use of an intra-articular aiming device (IAD) for medial shoulder stabilization with a suture-toggle repair or an interference screw repair using bone anchors in dogs., Study Design: Ex-vivo Study METHODS: Specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups (anchor and suture-toggle) with 10 shoulders each. Abduction angles were measured by goniometry prior to and following medial glenerohumeral ligament transection and after receiving arthroscopically assisted stabilization with either bone anchors or suture-toggle constructs. Bone stock and insertion angles were measured with computed tomography scans. All specimens were inspected by dissection., Results: Abduction angles increased post-transection in both groups, and were restored to normal in the anchor group, but 2° smaller than normal in the suture-toggle group following stabilization. Median magnitude of bone stock surrounding all tunnels ranged between 5.9 and 12.9 mm in the anchor group and 8.8 and 15.6 mm in the suture-toggle group (p = .002). Median insertion angles at the cranial glenoid, caudal glenoid, and humerus were 17.3°, 36.8 ° and 43.4° in the anchor group, respectively, and median insertion angles at the glenoid and humerus were 38.2° and 35.6° in the suture-toggle group, respectively (p = .91). Placement of anchors were not feasible in 3 specimens in the anchor group, and mild violations of the articular surfaces were detected in 3 specimens overall., Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization with an IAD was feasible in canine cadavers., Clinical Significance: An IAD may facilitate arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in dogs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate safety and efficacy in a clinical setting., (© 2023 American College of Veterinary Surgeons.)

Objective: To localize vagal branches within the surgical field of laryngoplasty and identify potentially hazardous surgical steps., Study Design: Observational cadaveric study., Sample Population: Five equine head-neck specimens and four entire equine cadavers., Methods: Dissection of the pharyngeal region from a surgical perspective. Neuronal structures were considered at risk if touched or if the distance to instruments was less than 5 mm., Results: The branches of the pharyngeal plexus (PP) supplying the cricopharyngeal muscle (PPcr), the thyropharyngeal muscle (PPth), and the esophagus (PPes) were identified in the surgical field in nine of nine, five of nine, and one of nine specimens, respectively. The internal branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve (ibCLN) was identified within the carotid sheath in six of nine specimens. The external branch of the cranial laryngeal nerve (ebCLN) was identified close to the septum of the caudal constrictors in nine of nine specimens. The blade of the tissue retractor compressed the ibCLN in six of six, the ebCLN in four of six, the PPcr in six of six, the PPth in two of three, and the PPes in two of two specimens in which the respective nerves were identified after further dissection. Surgical exploration of the dorsolateral aspect of the pharynx and the incision of the septum of the caudal constrictors harmed the ebCLN in nine of nine, PPcr in seven of nine, and PPth in four of eight specimens., Conclusion: Several vagal branches were located in the surgical field and must be considered at risk because of their location., Clinical Significance: Use of the tissue retractor, dissection over the pharynx, and dissection of the septum of the caudal constrictors involve a risk to damage vagal branches., (© 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.)

Objective: To describe hepatic vasculobiliary anatomy important to hilar liver lobe resection in the dog., Study Design: Experimental study., Animals: Canine cadavers (n=7)., Methods: The vasculobiliary system of 7 fresh canine livers was injected with a polymer. The parenchyma was dissected at the level of the hilus to determine the vascular and biliary supply to each liver lobe, and then macerated with a corrosion preparation. The information gathered was used to describe a surgical approach for hilar liver lobe resection., Results: Each liver lobe had a single hepatic artery and biliary duct. The location of these structures was consistent, although minor variations existed (dorsal versus ventral to the lobar portal vein) in the left lateral lobe and papillary process in 2 specimens. Most liver lobes (34/49) were supplied by 1 lobar portal vein and drained by 1 lobar hepatic vein (39/49). The location of the portal and hepatic veins was consistent among specimens., Conclusions: The left division is the most mobile of the liver lobes and each lobe can be removed separately or en bloc. Because of the location of the hepatic veins, the central division is best removed as a single unit. The right lateral lobe can be removed individually or together with the caudate process. The papillary process is removed by itself., Clinical Relevance: A hilar liver lobectomy technique can provide an alternative approach to conventional procedures for tumors that encroach upon the hilus of the liver.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of indirect suture passage around the right portal vein for attenuation of right-sided intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS)., Study Design: Anatomic study of cadavers and prospective evaluation of clinical cases., Animals: Nine canine cadavers (median weight, 20.5 kg) and 6 client-owned dogs suspected of having right-sided IHPSS., Methods: Silicone casts of the caudal vena cava and pre- and intrahepatic portal veins were made in fresh canine cadavers. A suture was passed dorsal to the portal vein above and below its bifurcation and pulled laterally so that it surrounded the right portal vein. The number and size of portal and caudal vena cava branches that interfered with the suture passage were recorded. Intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated in 3 dogs with right-sided IHPSS and 3 dogs suspected of having right-sided IHPSS that had right portal vein dissection and occlusion using this technique., Results: Suture passage and placement around the right portal vein were easily accomplished in all 9 specimens. A 1 mm branch from the dorsal surface of the right portal vein was included in the encircling ligature in 4 specimens. The dissection technique was used successfully in 3 dogs with right-sided IHPSS and 2 other clinical cases. The portal branch to the papillary process of the caudate lobe interfered with suture placement in 1 dog with a central IHPSS., Conclusions: Indirect suture passage for ligation of the right portal vein can be successfully performed in normal dogs and dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts., Clinical Relevance: Hemorrhage, vascular trauma, and surgery time may be reduced using this technique for attenuation of right-sided IHPSS.