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Renal allografts were transplanted into 20 dogs (12 beagles, eight mongrels) following a prescribed protocol for pre-transplantation blood transfusions and kidney exchange. Immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine and prednisone) was modified as needed for each dog. Seven of the beagle dogs survived for 1 year and were then euthanized; all other dogs died or were euthanized prior to 1 year post-transplantation. Graft rejection and renal failure were the greatest causes of mortality. Renal lesions which contributed to the death of some animals included renal vein thrombosis, nephrosis, and pyelonephritis. Inflammation of the lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleuritis) was a contributory cause of death in some dogs. Cystitis and ureteritis occurred in almost half of the dogs. Prostatitis was seen in six of the 16 male dogs. Adrenal cortical atrophy, parathyroid gland hyperplasia, and bone marrow hypocellularity were seen in a majority of the dogs which survived 1 year.

Four Rhesus monkeys that had been irradiated at 1 year of age and developed extensive endometriosis of the pelvic and peritoneal cavities 7 years later. Endometriosis was characterized by aggressive viable nonanaplastic endometrial epithelial cells in ectopic sites throughout the genital organs. Theories of pathogenesis for man may not be valid for nonhuman primates. Retrograde flow of endometrial fragments via the oviducts may be the source of the extrauterine lesions since in monkeys 1, 2, and 4 the ovaries were in the main extrauterine masses. Whether the extrauterine endometrium is metaplastic or metastatic, there is little doubt that endometriosis is linked to the cyclic hormones of the female's reproductive cycle. The cases reported occurred at 8 years of age, and the deaths may illustrate shortening of life as a latent effect of irradiation.