1. High molecular prevalence of Leishmania in phlebotomine sand flies fed on chicken blood in Brazil.
- Author
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de Sousa Ferreira, Tauana, Timbó, Renata Velôzo, Minuzzi-Souza, Thaís T.C., de Almeida Rocha, Douglas, Neiva, Mariana, de Albuquerque Ribeiro, Joana, de Almeida, Paulo Silva, Hecht, Mariana, Nitz, Nadjar, and Gurgel-Gonçalves, Rodrigo
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LEISHMANIASIS , *SAND flies , *BLOOD meal as feed , *CHICKENS , *LEISHMANIASIS diagnosis , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Leishmaniases are endemic in Brazil, where Leishmania infantum has been detected in humans, dogs, cats, and phlebotomine vectors. Monitoring synanthropic vector populations is critical for leishmaniasis control-surveillance in such transmission-prone areas. Here, a suite of molecular approaches were used to assess Leishmania infection prevalence and to identify blood-meal sources in a large sample of sand flies collected in anthropic environments of a Leishmania -transmission area in Mato Grosso do Sul State (Rio Verde de Mato Grosso municipality), Central-West Brazil. We sampled sand flies monthly (January-June 2014 and 2016) in one peri-domestic site within each of six neighborhoods with recent records of human visceral and/or tegumentary leishmaniasis. kDNA-qPCR plus rDNA ITS-sequencing were used to detect and identify Leishmania in pooled female sand flies. Individual engorged females ( n = 58) were used for blood-meal analyses through High-Resolution Melting (HRM) targeting the mtDNA cytb gene. Overall, 90.5% of 420 CDC trap-nights yielded vectors, for a total catch of 24,989 sand flies. We sub-sampled and identified 3088 sand flies of 12 species, including 2775 Lutzomyia longipalpis (the most abundant species at all sampling sites) and 297 Nyssomyia whitmani . Female sand flies ( n = 1261) were grouped in 159 pools, of which 92 Lu . longipalpis (minimum infection rate [MIR] 8%) and 7 Ny . whitmani pools (MIR 7%) were Leishmania kDNA-positive. Most positive Lu . longipalpis were collected in the 2016 rainy season. Sequencing confirmed L. infantum in Lu . longipalpis samples. HRM analyses identified chicken DNA in 57 sand flies (98.3%), 37 of which were Leishmania DNA-positive (64.9%); human blood was found in just one ( Leishmania -negative) female. Our data show ongoing risk of L. infantum transmission to humans in the study area, where Leishmania -infected sandfly vectors are common and heavily rely on chicken blood in the peri-domestic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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