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Sheep are intermediate hosts of the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic parasite that that may cause abortion and reproductive losses in this species. Previous studies have shown that its prevalence is high in sheep herds in Brazil, but no information from the state of Espirito Santo was available. The aim of this study was to improve the epidemiological data in different regions of this state by analyzing occurrences of anti-T. gondii antibodies in young female sheep, before reproductive age, using IFAT (cutoff ≥64). In addition, variables relating to these animals and farm management were investigated for significance of associations. A total of 312 sheep, aged 3 to 12 months, on five farms in five municipalities, were sampled. Among these 312 animals, 135 (43.26%) were reactive, and 70 positive sheep (51.8%) presented high titers (more than three times the cutoff).Eight-month-old sheep presented the lowest occurrence and 7 and 11-month-old sheep, the highest. At least one animal was positive in each municipality, thus confirming the endemic status of toxoplasmosis in sheep in this region. None of the variables analyzed, relating to animals and herds, presented any association with T. gondii occurrence (p > 0.05). The number of females that were close to sexual maturity (12 months) and which were reactive to T. gondii was less than 50%. These ewes would probably be more susceptible to reproductive problems.

Among the 69 tick species currently recognized in Brazil, only 13 have been reported in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. This study reports new tick records from Espírito Santo, and investigated the infection by rickettsial bacteria in these ticks. During 2012-2016, ticks were occasionally collected from different sources in Espírito Santo. In addition, we revised tick unpublished records from Espírito Santo in a tick collection. A total of 1263 tick specimens comprising 19 tick species (17 Ixodidae, 2 Argasidae) were collected. The following seven tick species are reported for the first time in Espírito Santo: Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma rotundatum, Amblyomma varium, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, and Ornithodoros hasei. The only tick species previously reported for Espírito Santo, but not found in the present study, is A. longirostre. A total of 194 ticks of 7 species were tested for rickettsial infection. Three Rickettsia species were detected: Rickettsia bellii in A. aureolatum, Rickettsia rhipicephali in H. juxtakochi, and Rickettsia amblyommii in A. humerale. The present study increases the tick fauna of Espírito Santo to 20 species (29% of the Brazilian tick fauna). Additionally, 3 Rickettsia species are reported for the first time in this region of Brazil.