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Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease pathogen which causes disease in the domestic dog and species classified in the Canidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Hyaenidae, Ursidae, Viveridae, Felidae, Tayassuidae, and Cercopithecidae families. A combined strategy that involved the direct sequencing of amplicons from genes coding for nucleocapsid, large polymerase, and hemagglutinin proteins of CDV, as well as the pathological findings and the immunohistochemical detection of viral nucleocapsid protein in diverse tissues, confirmed the participation of CDV in the development of a neurological disease in a southern tamandua ( Tamandua tetradactyla ) from Midwestern Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences revealed that the strain from this study grouped with isolates from the Europe 1/South America 1 lineage. The specific polymorphisms at the SLAM receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin gene, previously linked to disease emergence in novel hosts, were not detected in this genome. These findings represent the first description of CDV-induced infection in the Tamandua tetradactyla and extend the distribution of this infection to include members of the family Myrmecophagidae, order Pilosa.

This report describes the complete genomic sequence and taxonomic position of BPV type 13. The BPV13 genome was amplified using the multiply primed rolling-circle amplification technique and long-template PCR employing two specific primers. The two long PCR fragments obtained were cloned and sequenced via primer walking. The complete genomic sequence of the BPV13 contains 7961 bp encoding eight proteins, E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, L1, and L2. Similarly to the E5 gene in BPVs 1 and 2, the putative BPV13 E5 ORF encodes a small transforming protein that contains a hydrophobic transmembrane domain. Meanwhile, the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor-binding domain is absent in the putative BPV13 E7 protein. The presence of these two specific molecular features has been recognized as a distinct marker for the development of fibropapilloma in artiodactyl PV-induced lesions. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that BPV13 is a new member of the Deltapapillomavirus genus, to be classified as the third representative of the Delta 4 species. The characterization of the genomic sequence of this novel PV will aid in the interpretation of the pathologies described to be related to this virus and provide support for the development of diagnostic tools for epidemiological surveillance of BPV13 in its potential natural hosts.

The amplification by degenerate primers FAP59/FAP64 and sequencing allowed the detection of 15 putative new BPV types in cutaneous warts as well as in healthy skin. Four of these isolates were recently recognized as new BPV types (BPV-7, -8, -9, and -10) after determination of their complete genome sequences. In Brazil, investigations involving the definition of BPV types present in skin warts are still rare. The aim of the current study was to identify the BPV types associated with cutaneous papillomatosis observed in Brazilian cattle herds. Twenty-two cutaneous papilloma specimens were submitted to PCR assay employing the FAP primer pair. All PCR products with approximately 480 bp were submitted to direct sequencing. Cloning was performed for the amplicons which prior analysis revealed as putative new BPV types. From 16 cutaneous lesions, BPV-1, -2, and -6 were identified in two, six, and eight papilloma specimens, respectively. In addition, four putative new BPV types were identified in other six skin warts, and then designated as BPV/BR-UEL2 to -5. The detection of the BPV-1, -2, and -6 types in skin wart specimens supports the existence of these BPV types throughout the Brazilian cattle herd. In addition, the identification of four putative new BPV types is the first report of the presence of different BPV types in the American continent.