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New critical and strategic mineral extraction projects are emerging around the world to support the growing demand for minerals that are presented as necessary for the transition to 'green' energy and for the climate change mitigation. These projects are controversial and bring together or oppose stakeholders around different values. This paper contributes to the debate on the contradictory nature of climate change strategies that rely on the intensification of mineral resource extraction. More specifically, it examines the justifications used by industry, government and civil society actors to influence the legitimacy of a transition mining project. Based on a content analysis of press articles related to a controversial lithium mine project in Quebec, the article mobilizes Boltanski and Thévenot's (1991) theory of the economies of worth to account for the grammars of justification used by the various stakeholders. The results indicate that the controversy crystallizes around two aspects of the civic world. The energy transition is not discussed in the public discourse on the project studied. The techno-centric and interventionist vision of the transition, as Audet defines it (2016), is locked into the operationalization of the transition as defined by the public authorities, without allowing other alternatives to emerge in the debates around a mining project of the transition. The article contributes to the discussions on the need to open spaces for dialogue around these projects to collectively define the possible trajectories of the transition.

This paper studies energy transition from the perspective of actors, through an analysis of the concrete territorialization processes involved in the development of renewable energy projects. It draws empirical comparisons between French and German situations based on sociological surveys conducted in the Upper Rhine region. First, we conducted interviews of key actors of the regional energy scene on both sides of the Rhine, with 26 German and 30 French respondents. Then we used the software Alceste on the two sets of interviews in order to identify, through statistical and lexical analysis, the interactions and nodal issues in the field of renewable energies. As can be seen, the same type of topical questions were raised in both cases – questions about economic viability, technical possibilities and environmental acceptability – in relation to very diverse renewable energy projects. The study also showed that a plurality of institutional and noninstitutional actors – private or public actors as well as citizens – took part in the territorialization dynamics at work in renewable energy projects. The sectors involved, the barriers and levers for the projects appear to result from multi-scale interrelationships rather than deriving from one single model, neither designed at a local level nor developed in a global or top-down fashion.

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Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the paper is to evaluate the quantitative contribution of the catches of migrant fishers to the supply of fish meal factories in Senegal, The Gambia and Mauritania. The method consisted first of identifying and quantifying the volumes of catches of migrant fishers targeting small pelagics in the three countries studied. Then, field interviews with migrant fishers and fishmongers allowed to determine the share of the catches allocated to the fishmeal industries. On the basis of the fish/fishmeal conversion ratio, the quantity of fishmeal produced from the supply of the migrant artisanal fishermen is determined. Overall, the catches of the four migrant small pelagic fishing chains (three Senegalese and one Guinean) identified in Mauritania and The Gambia are estimated at more than 300,000 tons. More than 72% of this estimated tonnage, i.e. 220,000 tons, is destined to supply the fishmeal factories of the three countries. More than two-thirds of this supply goes to Mauritanian fishmeal factories, with Senegal and The Gambia sharing the remaining third. In addition, of the 500,000 tons of pelagic fish processed annually in fishmeal factories, more than half is supplied by migrant fishermen. At the microeconomic level, the fishmeal industries generate an improvement in the operating accounts of the fisheries, as they ensure the sale of the catches at more remunerative prices than on the local market. However, analyzed on a larger scale, the fishmeal industries create real tensions on the food security of West African countries, knowing that small pelagics constitute the main source of animal protein in Senegal and Gambia, where they have been overexploited for some years now. In addition, they deprive access to artisanal processing of their raw material. All these elements raise the question of the urgent need to regulate the catches of migratory fisheries at the regional level and to drastically reduce the share allocated to the processing of fishmeal for the benefit of local consumption.

This paper deals with the case of a long-term swimming ban on a beach in the urban area of La Rochelle on the French Atlantic coast due to recurring exceedances of sanitary standards regarding water quality. It questions the confrontation of a coastal urban population with an environmental contamination issue in a space usually practiced for leisure activities. This analysis is presented through an environmental geography approach considering nature-society interactions and focusing on the perception of environmental quality in the attractiveness of coastal areas. Through the presentation of a survey’s results conducted among the local population, the aim is to analyze the way in which the user population perceives the alteration of the environmental quality of the beach and the bathing water and whether their understanding is homogeneous. The ways in which the origin of the contamination and the prevention dimension of the prohibition measures affect the population's understanding are presented. The changes in the practice of the beach and in the perception of this leisure space are related to the mode of information reception on the environment’s contamination. The roles of memory effect and place attachment that lead to the maintenance of certain practices will also be presented.

Kangirsuk, is an Inuit community of Nunavik (Qc, Canada), renowned for the abundance of its anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), which are also a livelihood resource for the local population. However, near the community, char temporarily disappear from Lake Tasirjuarusik during the winter, only to reappear in the spring. The local association of hunters and fishermen (Anguvigaq) wanted to elucidate this mysterious disappearance by telemetry monitoring. This paper describes the process followed to build a collaborative research project between Inuit and non-Inuit scientists, from the funding application to the first fieldwork. The project is led by Inuit partners, Kangirsuk local association of hunters and fishers (Anguvigaq), in collaboration with scientific partners. The approach presented is intended to be an example of a collaborative project in indigenous territory that can be replicated and that promotes the commitment of all the collaborators, Inuit and non-Inuit.

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Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The principle of ecological solidarity should allow for the creation of new links: spatial, temporal and between living beings. This paper assesses its contribution to its historical field of appearance, the biodiversity law. In protected areas law, and more broadly in the territorial dimension of biodiversity law, ecological solidarity appears to be fairly well established conceptually, even if its implementation remains largely perfectible. Initially limited by the law to national parks, the logic of ecological solidarity has been implicitly extended to the law of nature reserves by the administrative judge. Moreover, the ecological continuities of the green and blue belt should make it possible to extend ecological solidarity to the rest of the national territory, outside protected areas, and to add a temporal dynamic to it. On the other hand, species protection law paradoxically appears to be lagging behind in the institution of the logic of ecological solidarity. This is illustrated in particular by the policies of "regulation" of wild fauna, which often neglect the interdependencies between living beings while transcending legal statuses ("pest" species, protected species, etc.). Ways are suggested to remedy this, such as the synergy of the principle of ecological solidarity with other principles of environmental law, in particular the precautionary principle.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The theoretical framework of public problem remains quite discreet in geography, even though it is very classical in sociology and political science. Yet it seems useful to analyse conflictual situations regarding space, its sharing and its planning, as well as their (non-)resolution by public policies. The paper proposes to build on this framework to study a problem lasting for over a century: the deprivatization of the shores of Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) and Lake Annecy (France). The paper reconstitutes the slow and difficult construction of the public problem and then analyses the strategies used to activate or circumvent the existing political rules. Drawing on this case study, we emphasize on the non-linearity of the construction and resolution of the problem and invite to shift the focus on the multiple retroactions between the early (framing, publicization) and late (agenda setting, public policies) stages of the classical model.

Because climate change will likely have major impacts in low-lying coastal areas, our ability for evaluating predictable consequences of coastal hazards in the future already represents a key issue in coastal risk reduction. This paper presents examples of the application of a method aimed at assessing the future position of the shoreline and at mapping areas that will be at risk of flooding by 2065 with future sea-level rise at two coastal localities of northern France where properties are already threatened by erosion or flooding. Our results show that erosion is the main coastal hazard at one of the two study sites where a large part of a housing estate may disappear by 2065 if no action is taken for limiting coastal erosion. Although marine flooding represents the primary risk at the second study site, coastal erosion will increase the risk of flooding of properties in the future due to the decrease in width of the protective coastal dunes. Comparison of our results with the coastal hazard maps published by the French government shows significant differences that can be explained by the fact that the risk of erosion was not considered in the Coastal Risk Protection Plans (PPRL) of the two municipalities considered in this study, which raises the question of the reliability of areas at risk defined without taking into account future shoreline evolution trends.

In Senegal, the use of pesticides in vegetable production is a widespread and persistent practice. This situation is apparent from the synthetic formula 'porodi rekk' ('just pesticides' in Wolof), by which vegetable producers usually summarise their approach to pest management. The aim of this paper is to explore the knowledge of vegetable producers regarding crop protection, and to analyse the contribution of such knowledge to the reproduction of chemical pest control in the Senegalese vegetable sector. To this end, this paper analyses how this knowledge is structured by the material and social network with which it is associated, and how this knowledge in turn structures the practices of vegetable producers. The chosen method consisted in a case study centred on a (anonymised) commune in the Niayes area – the main vegetable production basin in Senegal. Forty-eight (48) semi-structured interviews were conducted with vegetable producers and pesticide dealers, before being analysed by inductive coding. The results show that the knowledge of vegetable producers is structured doubly i) by informal exchanges of advice between actors and ii) by an empirical-sensory understanding of pesticides and their effectiveness. This mode of structuration ensures the continued and incremental production of crop protection knowledge that includes i) a peasant classification of pesticides, ii) a dominant representation of the causes of phytosanitary problems, iii) an evolving knowledge of the most effective chemical treatments – but also iv) a large ignorance of the risks caused by chemical control on health and the environment. Finally, the current innovation process in vegetable crop protection – and the material and social network that underpins it – ensures the continuous improvement and reproduction of chemical control. Paradoxically, the promotion of biopesticides by certain development organisations and projects is aggravating the invisibilisation of the rare peasant' alternative knowledge. Beyond the role of knowledge, the literature suggests that the persistence of chemical control in the Senegalese vegetable sector is more broadly the result of a threefold political-institutional, technical-economic, and socio-cognitive lock-in.

This article focuses on the relationship to environment in young adults. It aims to better understand how they see the environment, what value and what meanings they attribute to it. The paper is based on data collected in the context of qualitative interviews carried out with young French adults during the winter of 2021. The analyzes show that the environment is important for the young people encountered. Furthermore, they highlight four universes of meanings which are articulated according to a gradation which goes from a basic and individual thought to a reflection which is at the same time more complex and collective: the environment associated with the protection of nature, waste and pollution, environment associated with the world of consumption and, ultimately, the environment seen as a social and political movement. The results contribute to deepening the knowledge of the relationship to the environment among young people and allow us to glimpse avenues for reflection on the development of environmental values.

Tshopo is one of the first provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to be selected, in 2011, for the implementation of Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) projects. Since then, this province offers the opportunity to analyze the implementation of deforestation reduction initiatives in order to understand how REDD+, developed at the international level and put on governmental agenda of the DRC, is concretely deployed on the ground through deforestation reduction projects. This paper deciphers the process of dissemination and selection of project implementation sites in the DRC in general and in Tshopo province in particular. It also describes and analyses the implementation of REDD+ activities and the resulting territorial dynamics. By mobilizing the concepts of policy diffusion and implementation, territorial dynamics, as well as the analysis of official documents, surveys by interview and direct observation in the field, we show that the diffusion of REDD+, from the national arena to the local arena in the Tshopo, was the initiative of the National REDD+ coordination (CN-REDD), financially supported by external partners. The selection of sites considered as deforestation "hot spots" constituted a crucial step of the diffusion process. In addition to the first REDD+ pilot projects, these sites receive integrated projects known as PIREDD. Our investigations and observations in the field show that in the Tshopo, activities carried out by these PIREDD+ are related to land use planning, governance, agriculture, afforestation and landscape restoration. These activities give rise to territorial dynamics characterized by changes in land use and attempts for land appropriation or reappropriation. Emerging dynamics are nevertheless subject to strong constraints: slowness and delay in the implementation of projects, short duration of projects, lack of innovation linked to the fact that projects are similar to traditional development initiatives that have not, in the past, proven their effectiveness. Constraints identified lead to dysfunctions that have the effect of reducing the enthusiasm of local actors, with the risk of compromising the success of the struggle against deforestation through REDD+ projects.

Locally, controversies concerning air quality measurements are frequent and a major explanation is the large discrepancies between perceptions and quantitative measurements. These controversies show the importance of social and health issues linked to this question and the fact that air pollution often implies a "perceptual ambiguity". In this paper, we discuss the place of knowledge in the mechanisms of perception of air quality. In this perspective, the French Approved Air Quality Surveillance Associations (AASQA), face a major challenge: translating complex scientific knowledge into comprehensive and appropriable information that sometimes contradicts sensory perceptions. Atmo Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AASQA) has developed a mobile application, Air To Go, that provides data describing air quality with high geographical accuracy (10 meters) and we are investigating in how access to very precise information might modify the individual perception of air pollution. The results show that there is a need to characterise the influence of the perceptual filter on the in the way individuals view air quality, both to improve the perception of risks and to change individual behavior in terms of exposure and emission of pollutants.

In West Africa, women who smoke fish and meat face high environmental risks because their activity exposes them to high concentrations of harmful air emissions. Through a case study of women workers at a smoking site adjacent to a popular market in Abidjan, this paper describes the perceptions of air pollution, its health effects, and the individual and collective strategies and practices of women smokers to reduce it. Particular emphasis is placed on the working relationships between smokers and the helpers they employ, since these hierarchies influence their level of exposure to pollution. In this perspective, relations of dependence structuring women-led activities of the popular economy are analyzed, and especially the practices of entrusting the juvenile workforce, as well as the professional path of young helpers in the face of risks, between exploitation and emancipation. This article proposes to consider together environmental degradations, occupational health risks, economic opportunities for working-class women, and reciprocal social obligations among female smokers in the Ivorian capital.

Protected natural areas in urban landscapes are doom to play an increasing ecological role in the maintenance of biodiversity as urbanization is progressing. Since the early 1990’s the city of Montréal has acquired a network of 1447 ha of the last remaining natural areas on the island to create nature parks. An ecosystem-based management approach has been developed to ensure the ecological integrity and quality of nature parks ecosystems and biodiversity through several environmental monitoring programs of which a breeding birds monitoring plays a pivotal role since 1997. In this paper we report the results of the first 10 years of this program where breeding birds have been annually monitored with permanent point count stations. Over the 1997-2007 period, the species composition of bird communities in nature parks has remained relatively stable whereas the proportion of species from forest habitats, open habitats (marshes, wetlands, prairies and abandoned fields) and edges reflect the diversity of habitats unique to each park. These relatively stable patterns of bird community composition over this 10 years’ period emphasize the potential of this protected areas’ network to contribute to the maintenance of breeding bird populations on Montreal island. At the opposite, the persisting low occurrences of most species that are sensitive to forest fragmentation highlights the challenge faced by nature parks to fully play their ecological role has habitat refuges for these species. The relationship between increased natural habitats in the neighborhood surrounding nature parks and increasing occurrence of one of these sensitive species, the Ovenbird, suggests that nature parks could quickly increase their capacity to maintain sensitive species provided that urban planning reduces the human footprint with buffers in the neighboring environment. Data for the 2008-2018 period should allow a better assessment of the trends of the first 10-years of this insightful bird monitoring program.

This paper brings the virtuous calls to energy transition and its technical equipment in confrontation with its actual implementation through local renewable energy projects, by studying the case of onshore wind energy projects from a Franco-German comparative perspective. The analysis rests on a comparative review of the recent French-, German- and English-language literature in the social sciences in order to approach and frame the main issues, both on a theoretical and more practical level, related to conflict and participation among key players, scales of action, or the multiple socio-economic, environmental or aesthetic and sensory perceptions of wind energy. The aim is to identify fruitful approaches for the analysis of the “new landscapes” of wind energy, based on analysis of the controversies around citizen participation/mobilization and social acceptability, while taking into account the insights of research on energy transition / Wende at the local scale in both French and German territories. Analysis of the research on the subject has been conducted from a qualitative, not bibliometric, perspective; it has not sought exhaustiveness and is based on scholarly publications rather than on grey literature or practitioner sources; it has also tried to maintain a balance between French and German studies and to select easily accessible material, published papers or books, rather than PhD dissertations; finally, to provide concrete illustrations, the analysis has mainly focused on the border areas of the Upper Rhine region, without limiting itself to them.

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Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Who are currently the leading figures of energy studies in France and in the world? Paying attention to national and international trends, how can we construe the dynamics of contemporary research in the area of human and social sciences of energy? To answer these questions, my contribution will focus on two edited volumes which are respectively key publications for the English-speaking and the French-speaking areas of energy studies: The Oxford Handbook of Energy and Society (OUP, 2018) and Repenser la transition énergétique (PUR, 2019). Beyond the contents themselves of the books, I will consider their representativeness as editorial initiatives formalizing energy studies. In this perspective, keen attention will be paid to their framing of energy studies, based notably on blind spots regarding some research perspectives developed in discourse analysis and communication studies. Faced with plural and shifting representations of the "field", I will finally suggest the hypothesis of a multipolar articulation of energy studies, in the shape of an archipelago rather than a field. Given its approach, this paper can be considered both as an introduction to energy studies for students and as a reflection on its boundaries for specialists.

Historical sources dealing with the breeding and exploitation of swamps in the Southern part of Brittany at the end of the Middle Ages remain few and so limited to study it shrewdly. This is at least a reason for the lack of interest of historians. Open-minded approaches to other academic matters, first of all geography, allow us to ask further questions such as relationships between territories and rural societies. How did landlords and tenants enhance delicate areas, regularly subject to flooding? How did they trade productions on local or foreign territories? How did the irrigate fields affect the social and rural organization? Has the proximity of the coastline and tide had a significant impact on these territories? This is the first purpose of this paper, beginning with historical sources: the accounting series of the seigniory of La Blanchardais (located in Vue, Loire-Atlantique). The proximity of major links undoubtedly helps trade along. Further aspects will be taken into account in this note, by crossing references altogether.

The weir pools are the spaces formed by the raising of the water line and the slowing of the current caused by weirs, overflowing hydraulic structures, generally of small dimensions, very widespread in contemporary rivers. The nature of these environments is still poorly understood and water sciences struggle to classify them in known continental aquatic environments. Some see them as degraded segments of watercourses, which have totally or partially lost the typical features of lotic environments; others consider them as ecosystems as such, with their own functionalities and their own role to play in environmental dynamics. In a research that we have recently published, we equate weir pools operation with ecotones operation and we would like to explore this hypothesis in further detail in this paper. Indeed, weir pools and ecotones are controlled by environmental gradients and seem to have the same functionalities, such as the ability to filter matter, to store and redistribute substances and to provide a real habitat for different types of organisms. This new vision of weir pools can even be extended to other man-made aquatic environments, ponds for example. Thus, new research and management outlook arise as this type of environment will no longer be considered as a mere obstacle within rivers, but as environments which are fully integrated into today’s fluvial landscapes with their own functionalities.

The ecological crisis we are facing calls for a renewal of the way we do science. In the light of sustainable development, the challenge is to produce science that is democratic and capable of responding to contemporary issues. This context challenges the role of school in its logic of construction and transmission of scientific knowledge. The emergence of socio-scientific issues is an opportunity to contribute to an education that makes it possible to think and act in a complex and uncertain world. This paper focuses on an educational experiment based on an investigative approach in relation to the ecological transition of the island of Yeu in the Vendée. We analyse what are the implications of an education that cultivates interdisciplinarity, involvement and participation in science, from point of view of both educators and learners. Beyond material and epistemic difficulties identified and tensions involved in co-constructing knowledge and actions, our experimentation reveals several levels of action for education for sustainable development (ESD), including opening up to a plurality of actors, enhancing reflexivity and developing social engineering.

Based on theories in political ecology, this paper develops the notion of cumulative vulnerability in order to highlight the underpinning social and structural drivers. This notion allows us to challenge the causal, sectoral and disciplinary approach that dominate academic studies on the concept of vulnerability. We use the cases of Grand Lahou and Abidjan, in order to illustrate this approach.

Based on ethnographic research with organizations working on environmental protection and women’s rights as well as traditional midwives in the State of Chiapas, this paper analyzes the ongoing metaphor of life and death in discussions on pesticides and environmental degradation. This vocabulary is in line with indigenous peoples’ philosophy of buen vivir (the good way of life). It appears particularly in women’s discourses, who are in charge of the care work necessary to the reproduction of life (reproductive work, care of family members and nonhuman beings as well as medicinal plant knowledge). In Mexico, over a hundred highly hazardous pesticides are still authorized. This article shows how, in Chiapas, where the Zapatista experience of “another world” instills activist practices, considerations on the harmful consequences of pesticides on the environment and human health become a path towards creating other futures.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the South of France, gravity-fed irrigation canals embody centuries-old experience in water management in response to the high variability of rainfall across space and time. But nowadays, the sustainability of these works (called "béals" in the Cévennes gardoises) is no longer given and their very existence comes in the way of the adaptation to the new regulations concerning water sharing and quality (water laws 1992, 2006). To address a situation that has become problematic, a process of modernisation (institutional and technical) of the canals has been initiated by the Administration. Based on fieldwork in the Cévennes with irrigators' associations dealing with the modernisation of their béals, the aim of this paper is to discuss the actors' relationship to water through the study of local reactions to, and questions about, an administrative conception of these works that denies the values and knowledge associated with them.

Across the world, 165 reactors have been permanently shut down and more than one hundred are expected to be decommissioned in the near futur. Many regions will therefore be faced with the issue of land redevelopment. Many papers addressing the socio-economic impact of closing nuclear sites have underlined the opposition triggered by the disappearance of nuclear activities. However, few studies have focused on the redevelopment of the land this entails. This article addresses the effects of redeveloping the land through the reconversion process of two nuclear power plants: Brunsbüttel in Germany and Barsebäck in Sweden. The closure and reconversion of the German plant seems to have stirred little debates on the local level concerning social and land redevelopment issues. To the contrary, the Swedish plant led to much socio-political polemic and controversies regarding its reconversion. A comparison of the territorial outcome of these two fundamentally different nuclear power plants contributes to enrich the discussion on the factors that impact the post-nuclear outcome of land redevelopment.

This article deals with very low-level radioactive waste produced in huge volumes by decommissioning nuclear installations. These bulky but not so dangerous materials are the subject of substantial professional debates. Some actors support confinement in secure storage centers for all of them, and others recommend recycling or evacuation to conventional landfills. Based on a field survey on the French case, the paper proposes an overview of these debates and their consequences on national regulation. Three periods are successively examined: first, the genesis of this national regulation in the 1990s, which led to the renunciation of the possibilities of recycling and trivialization; second, the increase in decommissioning in the 2000s, which calls into question the initial choice of generalized confinement; third, the study of two recycling channels in the 2010s, which shows the difficulties of recycling to compete with the solution of generalized confinement. very low-level radioactive waste, decommissioning, clearance levels, generalized confinement, recycling

Although waste issues do not dominate environmental, political and social discourses in New Caledonia, waste management has profoundly changed within the past fifteen years due to, amongst other factors, increases in production and consumption. These transformations are taking place within a "modernization" framework, which aims to rationalize waste under a model largely inspired by France. Our paper shows that this rationalization takes the form of institutional, infrastructural and behavioral normalization, and that it responds to imperatives that prioritize sanitation, environmental protection and the circular economy. The introduction of recycling reveals the assumptions inherent in this (ongoing colonial) emphasis on modernization. We examine several cases relating to the recycling economy to illustrate how the reality of the waste streams are determined by the specific physical, economic and institutional geography of the New Caledonian island. The analysis offers a critical look at the modernization models in the field of waste and their replication indifferently to contexts. We argue that the indifference of initiatives to modernize New Caledonia’s waste management system according to French colonial assumptions is resulting in the uneven and complex implementation of modern waste management systems.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article looks at the governance of two highly migratory fish species: European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Based on a long ethnographic field survey, this paper proposes to analyse the modalities of fisheries and stock governments in continental and ultramarine Europe (Western France and French Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Archipelago), demonstrating the globalisation faced by these species and their catch and consumption chains. As declining species, their protection was put at the top of the agenda in the second half of the 20th century, but problems appeared much earlier. Contemporary public action is therefore taking a close interest in these two species, and is trying to put in place, using various instruments, appropriate public policies. But these policies are often based on pre-existing policies, instead of being inspired by other modes of government, which are now being promoted outside the western political field by a growing diversity of actors.

Smallholder farming vulnerability to climate change results from its direct dependence on climatic factors (rainfalls, temperatures, solar radiation). In the DR Congo, where 3/4 of the population depends on this type of agriculture, the combined effects of climate change and COVID-19 have been added to existing structural issues (example : persistent insecurity, impassable agricultural feeder roads ) to exacerbate threats to livelihoods of rural and periurban communities. Farmers ‘interviews within swamps of South Kivu reveal that the disruption of climatic elements such as rainfall and temperature patterns upsets farmers' endogenous knowledge of the climate. These farmers experience heavy and short rainfall (76 %), rising temperatures and a dry season likely long. Results from the binary logistic regression show that the appearance of new pests and the irregularity in rainfall patterns increase significantly farmers' conviction of climate change in the study area. Perceived impacts of climate change that farmers fear include the decline of soil fertility, decreasing yields, crops failure due to floods. Farmers’ adaptation strategies include the cleaning up streams, mulching as well as the application of manure, crop diversification and use of chemical pesticides that is currently farmers ‘preferred option to control pests. This paper provides valuable information that can guide policy makers as well as those involved in agricultural development to define a program that aims at strengthening farmers ’capacity to adapt to climate change by formulating new strategies based on existing local knowledge.

This paper aims, through an analysis of a series of documentaries, at underlining how their storytellings examplify the dual nature of the agricultural world. On the one hand, some documentaries condemn a world of agro-industry linked to international firms and ultraliberal and « scalable » capitalism and in particular for their implications in problems of food security, public health and misuse of the soil resource. On the other hand, some documentaries celebrate agricultural alternatives (organic farming, CSA, …) for their orientation toward food justice, social responsability for the Earth and Human labor. In documentary’s scenarios, it is either the case to condemn political milieux specialized in development matters, and supported by agrifood globalization, or it is the case to emphasize « pericapitalist » agricultural models, shown through situated acting knowledge and agricultural relocalizations. But these two narratives don’t tackle the complexity of contemporary agricultural worlds. To properly account for this complexity, the narratives should restaure, interactively, the peculiarities of locations, forms of life and socio-professional and ecological milieux, while accounting for their incremental nature. These dimensions are common to farming, whichever model is considered, and fuel, distinctively for each model, the innovation potential from the Norths and the Souths. Several movies make visible these overflows and the necessary connection between agricultural alternative models, without denying that economic « scalability » governs also the « pericapitalist » forms of farming.