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To present a patient with horseshoe kidney and bilateral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which has not been reported so far. A 61-year-old woman presented with abdominal mass and recent episodes of gross hematuria. Imaging revealed malignant lesion of lower calyces of the right kidney and isthmus of horse-shoe kidney with midline crossing to the left side. Finally, the patient underwent bilateral enbloc radical nephroureterectomy and pathology evaluation was compatible with bilateral squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first report of bilateral SCC in horseshoe kidney which was managed via open enbloc radical nephroureterectomy., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been shown as a safe and effective method for treating nephrolithiasis in horseshoe kidney patients. We report the first X-ray Free PCNL with Alken Telescopic Metal Dilator (ATMD) in horseshoe kidney. A 58-Year-Old female was diagnosed with left large staghorn stone and horseshoe kidney treated with X-ray Free PCNL with ATMD. X-ray Free PCNL with ATMD is safe and effective nephrolithiasis lithotripsy for staghorn stone in Horseshoe Kidney. This technique is the first of its kind and possibly has become an excellent alternative for urological centers without access to fluoroscopy., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare subset of familial RCC with only 59 cases reported. SDH deficiency is associated with hereditary paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma syndrome. Most of the cases are solitary tumors with only two reported cases of bilateral tumor. The identification of SDH deficient RCC is often the sentinel event of patient's syndromic diagnosis. We present a case of an adolescent male with bilateral tumors in a horseshoe kidney who was treated with staged robotic-assisted partial nephrectomies without complication. Both tumors were SDH negative on immunohistochemical staining., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Having a kidney disease is a major risk factor of renal injury during blunt traumas. We present a case of abdominal blunt trauma due to motor-vehicle accident in a 48 year old male patient. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a high-volume retroperitoneal hematoma with rupture in the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney with active contrast-enhanced extravasation. He underwent a partial nephrectomy of the left lower pole., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.)

The anatomic features of a horseshoe kidney are unique-the kidney is fixed and poorly mobile, with many arterial and venous blood supplies, thereby complicating minimally invasive surgery for renal cancer in this setting. Several reports have described robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) to treat renal cancer in a horseshoe kidney, but no reports of RAPN for renal cancer in the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney have been published to date. This case report describes the technique and usefulness of RAPN for treatment of renal cancer located in the isthmus of a horseshoe kidney., Competing Interests: None., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Horseshoe kidney is a congenital disorder in which two kidneys are fused together in the isthmus. The anatomy could lead to increased risk of urinary tract infections and renal cancers. When performing a hemi-nephrectomy, it is important to identify all blood supply and ensure total excision of parenchyma and collecting system of the moiety operated upon. We present a case of left heminephrectomy complicated by urinoma secondary to residual tissue in the left moiety. We discuss the role of superselective embolization and other technologies in management of this complication and challenges faced due to aberrant vascularity and abnormal anatomy., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is a common congenital kidney anomaly that is encountered frequently by urologists. It is rare for HSK to be affected by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), a potentially life-threatening condition. The standard of care for XGP is open nephrectomy, but recently a few case reports have been published showing the feasibility of minimally invasive surgery to deal with XGP. We present a case of HSK affected by XGP treated successfully with modified laparoscopic transperitoneal heminephrectomy. The rarity of such a combination, the modified approach, and the successful outcome encouraged us to report it., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest., (© 2021 Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Shortage of donors has led to an expansion of the criteria for acceptability of deceased-donor organs including the use of kidneys with anatomical variations such us horseshoe kidneys (HSKs). Transplantation can be accomplished either en bloc or after division of the HSK. Little is known about the most appropriate technique to split the kidney and minimize risk of bleeding or urinary fistula. In this report we present two renal transplants after division of a HSK with a different splitting technique., (© 2021 The Authors.)

A 48-year-old man was presented in the local hospitalized where he lived because of lower back pain one month ago. Then he came to our hospital for kidney stones on the right side within horseshoe kidneys and hydronephrosis diagnosed by imaging and abdominal ultrasound. After we proceeded single standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy with holmium laser combined EMS, his stones were totally removed with little intraoperative bleeding. No eventful post-operative complications occurred and the curative effect was very satisfied by KUB after stay in bed for 3 days reviewed. And a long-term follow up showed his recovery was quite well., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

Kidney anomalies are always a challenge even for the most experienced vascular and urologic surgeons in the reconstruction of the abdominal aortic segment. In the literature, the most common anomalies of the kidney are the horseshoe kidney., The Case: A 77-year-old male headed to the emergency department with complaints of acute abdominal pain and sudden onset of fatigue. The enhanced CT-scan performed and the horseshoe kidney with the ruptured aortic aneurysm seen. The cardiovascular and transplantation surgery team decided to perform explorative surgery., (© 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Horseshoe kidney is one of the most common congenital renal fusion anomalies and the incidence of renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney is predicted to be approximately 5.2/100000 individuals. Because horseshoe kidney merges malformations and vascular changes, open surgery is the standard for treatment. There are no reports of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal cell carcinoma in horseshoe kidney. We describe for the first time the safety and the utility of RAPN in a horseshoe kidney with renal cell carcinoma.

Renal replacement lipomatosis (RRL) is a rare condition that occurs at the end of the spectrum of renal tissue replacement by fat. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a granulomatous inflammation characterized by destruction of renal parenchyma and replacement by lipid-laden macrophages. We present the case of a 75-year-old man who complained of severe anemia 34 years after right nephrolithotomy. Computed tomography revealed a huge low-density mass with renal parenchyma atrophy on the right side of horseshoe kidney. Right nephrectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was RRL with XGP. This is the first report of RRL with XGP in a horseshoe kidney.

Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal fusion anomaly found in about 0.15% to 0.25% of the population. Renal cell carcinoma associated with a horseshoe kidney has been described in fewer than 200 cases. Its incidence and prognosis seems to be not different from those of the general population, but surgical management may be challenging due to unique anatomic features of horseshoe kidneys, such as highly variable vasculature. We report a case of a 69-year-old male with an incidental 48-mm solid mass in the left moiety of a horseshoe kidney, successfully treated by retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy.

We report a case of supernumerary kidney associated with horseshoe malformation. A 35-year-old man presented complaining of vague and intermittent left flank pain from few months ago. Ultrasonography of urinary tract showed bilateral hydronephrosis and was suggestive of the horseshoe anomaly. Further evaluation with Intravenous urography showed three renal moieties consisting of a horseshoe kidney and a malrotated right kidney cephalad to and fused with the right moiety of horseshoe kidney.

Concurrent primary carcinoid tumor and primary mucinous adenocarcinoma arising within a mature cystic teratoma of a horseshoe kidney is a rare event and has been reported once in the literature. We present the first case where this tumor subtype has metastasized to lymph nodes. Treatment included open partial nephrectomy, lymph node dissection, and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide and capecitabine. Due to the rare combination of tumor histologies, it is unlikely that this cohort will ever be able to be adequately studied to determine a standard of care. Thus extrapolation of treatment methods of similar tumors will continue to guide treatment.

We present a case of UPJO associated with an incompletely duplicated collecting system in a horseshoe kidney that was successfully treated by laparoscopic pyeloplasty with concomitant pyelolithotomy. A 53-year-old man had three urological anomalies and urolithiasis. We performed a pyeloplasty and pyelolithotomy using a fully intracorporeal technique. Clinical and radiographic evaluation confirmed complete resolution of the patient's condition. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of UPJO in an incompletely duplicated collecting system with a horseshoe kidney in the same patient. We also provide convincing evidence that laparoscopic pyeloplasty is feasible in complex cases of renal anatomic anomalies.

We report a case of supernumerary kidney consisting of 4 renal moieties and including a horseshoe kidney. A 40-year-old woman presented complaining of intermittent vague abdominal pain and heaviness for a few years. Ultrasonography of the urinary tract revealed 2 kidneys on the left side and horseshoe kidneys located distal to them. The right horseshoe kidney was of small size. Further imaging revealed 4 renal moieties. Three moieties were on the left side and the other was attached to the most distal moiety on the left, forming a horseshoe kidney.