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Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent issue around the globe, particularly in hot climates such as Saudi Arabia. This analysis's objectives were to investigate the characteristics of kidney stones in Eastern Saudi Arabia and to provide the following findings: urinary stone composition, gender and age distribution, seasonal variations in stone formation, coexisting diseases linked to stone development, and urinary stone incidence. With comparisons to European and American populations, the primary risk factors for nephrolithiasis in Asian populations are to be determined through this systematic review and meta-analysis. We synthesized data from 13 geographically different studies using a thorough literature search through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Potential targets for specialized public health programs were highlighted by the elucidation of differences in health-care-seeking behavior and disparities in health-care access. The results of this systematic analysis give doctors, researchers, and policymakers a thorough understanding of the condition of nephrolithiasis care in Saudi Arabia today. In addition, to maximize the care of nephrolithiasis in this particular group, this review identifies information gaps and highlights the necessity of context-specific guidelines and future research initiatives. All things considered, this systematic review addresses the unique possibilities and problems that exist within the Saudi Arabian health-care sector while also adding to the worldwide conversation on nephrolithiasis., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Urology Annals.)

Background: Currently, there are many techniques available for repairing hypospadias in urogenital reconstructive surgery., Aim: The purpose of this survey is to determine the preferred age of hypospadias repair patients, as well as the preferred surgical techniques among Saudi urologic and pediatric surgeons., Materials and Methods: An E-mail questionnaire was sent to urologic and pediatric surgeons throughout Saudi Arabia., Results: Forty-six participants from the Saudi regions returned completed questionnaires. Sixty-five percent of participants preferred age to do surgery on 6-18 months. While, 50% preferred meatal advancement and glanduloplasty techniques for coronal/glandular hypospadias, and 46% participate that tubularized incised plate (TIP). It was found that 86% of the participants admitted to using TIP procedure for subcoronal/distal penile hypospadias, whereas the majority of them (63%) used TIP for midpenile/proximal hypospadias with significant value P < 0.05. Ninety-eight percentage of surgeons stated that they prefer performing the chordee repair simultaneously. As a final note, 91% of participants have been omitted preoperative androgen in their protocols., Conclusions and Recommendation: We concluded from the surgeons' preferences regarding hypospadias repair in this study, that their preferences are highly successful rate and have few complications; however, we highly recommend using this study as a basis for future studies., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Urology Annals.)