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Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of simultaneous supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPCNL) with semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy (SR-URSL) (Group A) and SR-URSL (Group B) for treating large proximal ureteral calculus. Materials and Methods: Between January 2015 and April 2019, all patients with large proximal ureteral stones (≥10 mm) who underwent simultaneous sPCNL with SR-URSL or SR-URSL at three medical centers were retrospectively included. Two surgical options were provided based on patients and doctors' decision. The intraoperative and postoperative results, including operating time, hospital stay, need for auxiliary procedures, and complications, were compared between the two groups. Stone-free clearance was defined as the absence of fragments or a single fragment of ≤4 mm on standard radiography 1 month after surgery. Results: A total of 38 and 27 patients were included in Groups A and B, respectively. The mean stone size was 21 mm and 18.2 mm and stone-free rate (SFR) was 97% and 33% in Groups A and B, respectively. Larger ureteral stones (P

The association of the tuberous sclerosis complex with angiomyolipoma (AML) arising from the retroperitoneum and mediastinum has not been reported in the literature. We present the first case in which a patient presented with a combined retroperitoneal extrarenal and posterior mediastinal AML. Interestingly, the ipsilateral retroperitoneal AML emerged 15 years after radical nephrectomy for the left renal AML.