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From May 1992 to December 1993 (17 months), 18 patients with AIDS, 15 male and 3 female, age range from 25 to 50, were found to have severe voiding disorders related to neurogenic bladder dysfunction. All patients underwent neurologic, urologic and immunologic evaluation and were staged as AIDS-IVB. The neurological evaluation demonstrated: cryptococcal abscess of the brain in 1 patient, progressive and diffuse leukoencephalopathy in 3 patients, AIDS Dementia Complex in 3 patients and no neurologic abnormalities in 11 patients. The urodynamic tests demonstrated: detrusor areflexia in 5 patients, detrusor hyperreflexia with external sphincter dyssynergia in 5 patients, detrusor hyperreflexia with external sphincter dyssynergia and vesico-ureferai reflux in 1 patient, detrusor hyperreflexia without dyssynergia in 7 patients.

Infection by Hiv virus affects the urogenital system in a minor percentage of cases in comparison to other organs such as the lungs, the central nervous system and the haemolymphopoietic system. In recent years however, with the continued spread of the disease, also urologists find themselves dealing with various urogenital pathologies that are presented in seropositive or fully-blown Aids patients. The Authors present their experience and describe the problems correlated to dealing with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients that are affected with urological pathologies.

The echo-doppler is a non-invasive diagnostic method that makes evaluation of the morphology and the renal intraparenchymal vessel flow possible. Due to the development and spread of percutaneous methods and to the large number of patients who undergo extracorporeal lithotripsy, the renal parenchyma suffers traumas of which neither the short no long term consequences are yet fully understood. We calculated the Resistive Index using echo-doppler in 10 pts. who underwnt extracorporeal lithotripsy and we looked for the possible presence of arteriovenous fistulae in 10 pts. who underwent percutaneous manoeuvres (nephrostomy, litholapaxy and endopyelotomy). The results showed an increased R.I. in all patients at the end of the treatment, and in only one patient was this elevated R.I. maintained at the follow-up after 30 days. Arteriovenous fistulae were not found in any of the other patients.