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Ultrasonication used for the production of fatty acid methyl ester from non-edible vegetable oil using immobilized lipase (Chromobacterium viscosum) as a catalyst from Enterobacter aerogenes to make the process fully ecologically and environmental friendly. The optimal conditions for biodiesel production is the molar ratio oil to methanol 1:4, catalyst concentration 5 wt.% of oil, reaction time 30 min, ultrasonic amplitude 50% (100 W/m(3)) and cycle 0.7s. ultrasonication reduce the reaction time comparing to the conventional batch process. The purity and conversion of the biodiesel was 84.5±0.5 analyzed by reversed phase HPLC., (Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The production of biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oil using ultrasonication, calls for an efficient solid catalyst to make the process fully ecologically and economically friendly. The methodology allows for the reaction to be run under atmospheric conditions. Solid catalyst and ultrasonication reduced the reaction time comparing to the conventional batch processes and we found 98.53% biodiesel yield. The optimal conditions for biodiesel production is the molar ratio oil to methanol 1:9, Catalyst conc. 3 wt.% of oil and 15 min reaction time., ((c) 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel, consistituting an alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuel. It is non-toxic and biodegradable and has a low emission profile, is better from environmentally sensitive areas. Research study on alternative fuels is essential for increased energy security. Presently, biodiesel is produced mainly is batch reactor. In this process the required energy is given by heating accompanied by mechanical stirring which has several disadvantages because of time consuming high labour cost. Being methanol is a toxic chemical; the objective of this work is to produce coconut oil ethyl ester by using ultrasonic irradiation. The advantages of ethanol are non-toxic domestic all available, having higher carbon atoms which provide higher heat content. The optical conditions for biodiesel production is the molar ratio oil to ethanol 1:6, KOH catalyst 0.75wt.% of oil and 7min reaction time. The reaction time reduced 15-40 times comparing to the conventional batch processes and found >or=98% biodiesel yield., (Crown Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)